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DNA

Identifying the Substance of Genes

QuestionAnswer
In 1923, _________ ________ experimented with mice, bacteria, and pneumonia. He termed his experiment ______________ because the ability to cause disease was inherited by the mice offspring. Frederick Griffith; transformation
In 1944, ______ _____ observed bacterial transformation, and discovered that the nucleic acids DNA stores and transmits genetic information from one generation to the next. Oswald Avery
What is bacteriophage(phage)? a kind of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria
_______ and _____ conducted an experiment with bacteriophages that confirmed Oswald Avery's results, convincing many scientists that DNA was the genetic material found in genes, not just in viruses and bacteria, but all living cells. Hershey; Chase
What must the DNA that makes up genes be capable of? storing, copying, and transmitting the genetic information
What is DNA? a nucleic acid made up of nucleotides joined into long strands or chains by covalent bonds
What are chromosomes? coiled up strands of DNA
Where are chromosomes found in eukaryotic cells? the nucleus of the cell
What is DNA made of? many small sections called nucleotides
What does DNA stand for? deoxyribonucleic acid
When does DNA copy itself? during the S section of interphase
DNA is made of _ long strands of nucleotides. 2
What are the 3 parts of nucleotides? deoxyribose(sugar), phosphate group, and nitrogen base
What are the four different nitrogenous bases? adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
What shape is DNA? a twisted ladder or a double helix
Who was the double helix shape discovered by? Watson and Crick, with the help of Rosalind Franklin
What are the "rungs" of the DNA shape? nitrogenous base pairs, held together by hydrogen bonds
Adenine will always bond with _______, while Cytosine will always bond with _______. Thymine; Guanine
What are the sides of the "ladder", or the backbone? alternating deoxyribose and phosphate units
Each twist of the DNA molecule has __ base pairs. 10
The sides of the "ladder" of DNA are called ____________ because the sequence of the bases on one strand is an exact compliment to the bases on the other. complimentary
How does the sequence of DNA replication start? an enzyme called DNA helicase "unzips" the 2 strands at the base pairs(hydrogen bonds break)
What is DNA polymerase? an enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to produce a new strand of nucleotides during DNA replication
What is DNA found at the tips of chromosomes called? telomeres
Replication in most ___________ cells starts from a single point and proceeds in two directions until the entire chromosomes is copied. prokaryotic
In __________ cells, replication may begin at dozens or even hundreds of places in the DNA molecule, proceeding in both directions until each chromosomes is completely copied. eukaryotic
All enzymes are ________. proteins
What is a codon? a trinucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid
What is an okazaki fragment? short, newly synthesized DNA fragments that are formed on the lagging template strand during DNA replication
Created by: alov9636
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