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Biotech and Mutation

For Science

QuestionAnswer
What is biotechnology? The use of technology and natural biological processes to solve a human problem
What is an example of biotechnology? Production of vaccines
What is genetic engineering? The use of biotechnology to manipulate an organism's genome
How can DNA be manipulated? Computers, chemicals, and bacteria
What is the purpose of genetic engineering? Medical purposes, improving crops, and forensics
What is the Human Genome Project and what is the goal? It is a project on trying to figure out all of the genes within our body; the goal is to find where certain genes were on chromosomes so that we may correct genetic disorders or eliminate them altogether
What are the pros of genetic engineering? Medicines/vaccines, crops with favorable traits, genetic diseases cured, and crimes solved
What are the cons of genetic engineering? Decreased genetic diversity, risk of unintentional mutations, safety, ethics questions, "Where do we draw the line?"
What is a mutation? A change in an organism's nucleic acids
What are the two types of mutations? Gene mutations and chromosomal mutations
What is point mutation? A mutation in which one nucleotide is put in the place of a correct nucleotide
What is a frame shift mutation? The insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in a DNA sequence
Why does deletion or insertion cause a mutation? Because it shifts the entire gene sequence
What is a missense mutation? A substitution that destroys a protein's function
What is a nonsense mutation? A substitution that results in a premature stop codon
What is a silent mutation? A substitution that has no effect
What are some factors that cause mutations? Replication error, mitosis, meiosis, protein synthesis, and mutagens
What does your body have to fix genetic mutations? DNA polymerase
Created by: V01D3R
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