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Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has long-term potassium deficits?
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A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as:
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Patho Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has long-term potassium deficits? | Kidneys |
| A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as: | localized edema. |
| Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for decreased oncotic pressure in the capillaries? A patient with: | liver failure. |
| Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system? | Carbonic acid/bicarbonate |
| Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A patient diagnosed with: | renal failure. |
| A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which information should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by: | increased plasma osmolality. |
| Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with: | excessive loss of chloride (Cl). |
| A 22 year old was recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which decreased lab finding would be expected to accompany this virus? | CD4+ T-helper |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS? | HIV is a retrovirus. |
| When a nurse notices that a patient has type O blood, the nurse realizes that anti-_____ antibodies are present in the patient’s body. | A and B |
| A person is given an attenuated antigen as a vaccine. When the person asks what was given in the vaccine, how should the nurse respond? The antigen is: | alive, but less infectious. |
| A 30-year-old female complains of fatigue, arthritis, rash, and changes in urine color. Laboratory testing reveals anemia, lymphopenia, and kidney inflammation. Assuming a diagnosis of SLE, which of the following is also likely to be present? | Autoantibodies |
| An infant is experiencing hemolytic disease of the newborn. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in the infant’s history and physical? | The baby is Rh positive. |
| The nurse would correctly respond that the etiology of a congenital immune deficiency is due to a(n): | genetic defect. |
| A nurse recalls that an example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is: | serum sickness. |
| The gradual increase in height among the human population over the past 100 years is an example of: | a multifactorial trait. |
| What is the diagnosis 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, and a reduced carrying angle at the elbow. | Turner syndrome |
| A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is associated with: | delayed age of onset. |
| Which of the following disorders is manifested primarily in males? | Muscular dystrophy |
| The condition in which an extra portion of a chromosome is present in each cell is called: | partial trisomy. |
| A child is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. History reveals that the child’s parents are siblings. Cystic fibrosis was most likely the result of: | consanguinity. |
| A nurse recalls the basic components of DNA are: | a phosphate molecule, deoxyribose, and four nitrogenous bases. |
| A common pathway of irreversible cell injury involves increased intracellular: | calcium. |
| A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The chest pain is most likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to: | ischemia. |
| A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the nurse use to define this process? | Necrosis |
| A 23-year-old male develops a black eye following a fight. When the aide asks the nurse why this occurred, the nurse’s best response is that the bruising is due to an accumulation of: | hemosiderin. |
| A family presents to their primary care provider reporting headache, nausea, weakness, tinnitus, and vomiting. Which of the following would be the most likely explanation for these symptoms? | Carbon monoxide poisoning |
| When a nurse observes muscle stiffening occurring within 6–14 hours after death, the nurse should document this finding as the presence of: | rigor mortis. |
| A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis? | Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) |
| A 30-year-old female presents with a gunshot wound to the head. The wound has seared edges and a deep penetration of smoke and gunpowder fragments. This wound would be documented as a(n): | contact range entrance. |
| A nurse is discussing preinvasive epithelial tumors of glandular or squamous cell origin. What is the nurse describing? | Cancer in situ |
| A patient has a tissue growth that was diagnosed as cancer. Which of the following terms best describes this growth? | Malignant tumor |
| Which information should the nurse include when teaching about angiogenic factors? In cancer, angiogenic factors stimulate: | new blood vessel growth. |
| A 25-year-old male develops a tumor of the breast glandular tissue. What type of tumor will be documented on the chart? | Adenocarcinoma |
| When an oncologist is discussing the degree to which an organism’s development is contingent on its environment, which of the following is the oncologist explaining? | Developmental plasticity |
| A 50-year-old female confirms chronic alcohol intake. This practice places the patient at risk for cancer in which organs? (Select all that apply.) | Larynx, Esophagus, liver, and Breast |
| The role of physical activity in the prevention of colon cancer is identified by which of the following? | It increases gut motility, thereby decreasing the time the bowel is exposed to mutagens. |
| A patient asks why indoor pollution is worse than outdoor pollution. How should the nurse respond? Indoor pollution is considered worse than outdoor pollution because of cigarette smoke and: | radon |
| The most common type of tissue cancer occurring between ages 15 and 19 is: | carcinoma. |
| A nurse is preparing to teach the most common malignancy in children. Which malignancy should the nurse discuss? | Leukemia |
| Which characterizes an embryonic cancer tumor? | Usually manifested around age 5 |
| A 16 year old with aspirations of becoming a bodybuilder spends 3 hours a day in the gym. Five years later, a hepatocellular carcinoma is discovered. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the cancer? | Anabolic steroids |
| A patient is undergoing a sleep lab test. When the sleep lab worker notices EEG patterns with brain activity similar to the normal awake pattern, which phase of sleep is occurring? | REM |
| Hikers are attempting to cross the Arizona desert with a small supply of water. The temperatures cause them to sweat profusely and become dehydrated. The hikers are experiencing: | heat exhaustion. |
| What is the physiologic response when the body’s core temperature is altered due to prolonged exposure to a cold environment? | Ischemic tissue damage |
| A patient scrapes both knees while playing soccer and reports sharp and well-localized pain. Which of the following should the nurse document to most accurately characterize the pain? | Somatic pain |
| A patient with an addiction to alcohol checked into a rehabilitation center as a result of experiencing delirium, inability to concentrate, and being easily distracted. What term would be used to document this state? | Acute confusional state |
| A patient reports tiring easily, having difficulty rising from a sitting position, and the inability to stand on toes. The nurse would expect a diagnosis of: | hypotonia. |
| A 20 year old experiences a severe closed head injury as a result of a motor vehicle accident. Which of the following structures is most likely keeping the patient in a vegetative state (VS) 1 month after the accident? | Brainstem |
| A nurse notes that a patient walks with the leg extended and held stiff, causing a scraping over the floor surface. What type of gait is the patient experiencing? | Spastic gait |
| The majority of intervertebral disk herniations occur between which vertebral levels (cervical, C; thoracic, T; lumbar, L; sacral, S)? | L4-S1 |
| A patient is brought to the ER for treatment of injuries received in a motor vehicle accident. An MRI reveals spinal cord injury, and his body temperature fluctuates markedly. The most accurate explanation of this phenomenon is that: | his sympathetic nervous system has been damaged. |
| Upon autopsy of a 25 year old, abnormalities in the media of the arterial wall and degenerative changes were detected. Which of the following would most likely accompany this finding? | Saccular aneurysm |
| Patient teaching is considered successful regarding myasthenia gravis when the patient identifies its cause as being: | autoimmune injury at the neuromuscular junction. |
| A 60-year-old patient with a recent history of head trauma and a long-term history of hypertension presents changes in mental status. MRI reveals that the patient has subarachnoid hemorrhage. What does the nurse suspect caused this type of stroke? | Aneurysm |
| An infant is diagnosed with congenital hydrocephalus. Which of the following characteristics would the nurse expect to find? | Enlarged ventricles |
| Which reflex of infancy will disappear first? | Stepping |
| A newborn child is diagnosed with a vertebral arch defect, spina bifida. This condition would lead the nurse to suspect the child may have which of the following as well? (Select all that apply.) | Myelomeningocele and Meningocele |
| A child is diagnosed with cerebral palsy, characterized by extreme difficulty in fine motor coordination and purposeful movement. Which of the following types of cerebral palsy is the child experiencing? | Dystonic |
| Which term is used to document a hernial protrusion of a sac-like cyst through a defect in the posterior arch of a vertebra? | Myelomeningocele |
Created by:
akylia92