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Ecology All Key Term
These are the key terms for the whole Ecology Unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abiotic Factors | Non-living components of an ecosystem, such as sunlight, water, temperature, and soil. |
| Adaptation | A characteristic or behavior that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment. |
| Biodiversity | The variety of living organisms in an ecosystem or on Earth. |
| Biotic Factors | Living components of an ecosystem, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria. |
| Biome | A large geographical area characterized by its climate, soil, and distinctive plant and animal life. |
| Carbon Cycle | The movement of carbon through living organisms, the atmosphere, oceans, and the Earth's crust. |
| Carnivore | An animal that primarily eats meat. |
| Carrying Capacity | The maximum number of organisms an environment can support without degradation. |
| Community | All the different populations of organisms that live together and interact in the same area. |
| Competition | The struggle between organisms for limited resources. |
| Consumer | An organism that obtains energy by consuming other organisms. |
| Decomposer | An organism that breaks down dead organisms and waste, returning nutrients to the ecosystem. |
| Ecosystem | A community of organisms and their physical environment interacting as a system. |
| Ecology | The scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. |
| Endangered Species Act | A law designed to protect plant and animal species in danger of extinction. |
| Energy | The ability to do work or cause change. |
| Energy Flow | The transfer of energy through an ecosystem as organisms interact. |
| Energy Pyramid | A graphical representation of energy flow in a food chain or food web. |
| Estuaries | Coastal areas where freshwater rivers meet the salty sea. |
| Evaporation | The process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas. |
| Food Chain | A series of organisms linked by their feeding relationships. |
| Food Web | A network of interconnected food chains showing the flow of energy through an ecosystem. |
| Habitat | The specific environment in which an organism lives and obtains the resources it needs to survive. |
| Herbivore | An animal that primarily eats plants. |
| Host | An organism that provides a home and food source for another organism, often a parasite. |
| Invasive Species | Non-native organisms that disrupt ecosystems and harm native species. |
| Law of Conservation of Energy | The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. |
| Law of Conservation of Matter | The principle that matter cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. |
| Limiting Factors | Factors in the environment that limit the growth of populations. |
| Marine | Relating to the sea or ocean. |
| Matter | Anything that occupies space and has mass. |
| Migration | The seasonal movement of animals from one region to another. |
| Mutualism | A symbiotic relationship where both species benefit. |
| Neritic Zone | The shallow region of the ocean where sunlight reaches the seafloor. |
| Niche | The role and position of an organism within its environment. |
| Nitrogen | A chemical element essential for life, found in proteins and DNA. |
| Nitrogen Cycle | The movement of nitrogen through the environment and living organisms. |
| Nitrogen Fixation | The process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form plants can use. |
| Oceanic Zone | The deeper region of the ocean beyond the continental shelf. |
| Organism | An individual living thing. |
| Omnivore | An animal that eats both plants and animals. |
| Parasite | An organism that lives on or in another organism (host) and benefits at the host's expense. |
| Parasitism | A symbiotic relationship where one species benefits and the other is harmed. |
| Photosynthesis | The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods. |
| Polar Ice | Frozen regions near the Earth's poles, such as Antarctica. |
| Population | A group of organisms of the same species living in the same area. |
| Precipitation | Any form of water, such as rain, snow, or hail, that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface. |
| Predation | The act of one organism (predator) hunting and consuming another (prey) for food. |
| Primary Succession | The process of ecological succession starting from bare rock or a barren landscape. |
| Producer | An organism that produces its own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, forming the base of the food chain. |
| Renewable Resources | Resources that can be replenished naturally in a short period. |
| Respiration | The process by which organisms release energy from food molecules. |
| Savanna | A grassy plain with scattered trees and shrubs, typically found in tropical regions. |
| Secondary Succession | The process of ecological succession following a disturbance that leaves soil intact. |
| Symbiotic Relationship | A close and long-term interaction between different species. |
| Species | A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. |
| Sunlight | The radiant energy emitted by the sun, essential for photosynthesis and life on Earth. |
| Trophic Level | A position in a food chain or web that indicates an organism's feeding status. |
| Water Cycle (Hydrologic Cycle) | The continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. |
| Wetland | A land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally. |
| 10% Rule | An Ecological concept that states only about 10% of the energy stored in one trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level. The other 90% of energy is used by the organisms at that trophic level and is also lost as heat. |
| Biosphere | The part of Earth that supports life, including all ecosystems and living organisms |
| Commensalism | A relationship between two organism in which one organism benefits & the other is unaffected |
| Cooperation | Ecological relationship where organisms work together as a means of survival |
| Nonnative Species | A species that is not native to the ecosystem where it currently resides |
| Prey | An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism |
| Scavenger | A specialized consumer that eats dead organisms |
| Symbiosis | A relationship in which two different organisms live in close association with each other |
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scottja
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