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Ecology All Key Term

These are the key terms for the whole Ecology Unit

QuestionAnswer
Abiotic Factors Non-living components of an ecosystem, such as sunlight, water, temperature, and soil.
Adaptation A characteristic or behavior that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.
Biodiversity The variety of living organisms in an ecosystem or on Earth.
Biotic Factors Living components of an ecosystem, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria.
Biome A large geographical area characterized by its climate, soil, and distinctive plant and animal life.
Carbon Cycle The movement of carbon through living organisms, the atmosphere, oceans, and the Earth's crust.
Carnivore An animal that primarily eats meat.
Carrying Capacity The maximum number of organisms an environment can support without degradation.
Community All the different populations of organisms that live together and interact in the same area.
Competition The struggle between organisms for limited resources.
Consumer An organism that obtains energy by consuming other organisms.
Decomposer An organism that breaks down dead organisms and waste, returning nutrients to the ecosystem.
Ecosystem A community of organisms and their physical environment interacting as a system.
Ecology The scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.
Endangered Species Act A law designed to protect plant and animal species in danger of extinction.
Energy The ability to do work or cause change.
Energy Flow The transfer of energy through an ecosystem as organisms interact.
Energy Pyramid A graphical representation of energy flow in a food chain or food web.
Estuaries Coastal areas where freshwater rivers meet the salty sea.
Evaporation The process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas.
Food Chain A series of organisms linked by their feeding relationships.
Food Web A network of interconnected food chains showing the flow of energy through an ecosystem.
Habitat The specific environment in which an organism lives and obtains the resources it needs to survive.
Herbivore An animal that primarily eats plants.
Host An organism that provides a home and food source for another organism, often a parasite.
Invasive Species Non-native organisms that disrupt ecosystems and harm native species.
Law of Conservation of Energy The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
Law of Conservation of Matter The principle that matter cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
Limiting Factors Factors in the environment that limit the growth of populations.
Marine Relating to the sea or ocean.
Matter Anything that occupies space and has mass.
Migration The seasonal movement of animals from one region to another.
Mutualism A symbiotic relationship where both species benefit.
Neritic Zone The shallow region of the ocean where sunlight reaches the seafloor.
Niche The role and position of an organism within its environment.
Nitrogen A chemical element essential for life, found in proteins and DNA.
Nitrogen Cycle The movement of nitrogen through the environment and living organisms.
Nitrogen Fixation The process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form plants can use.
Oceanic Zone The deeper region of the ocean beyond the continental shelf.
Organism An individual living thing.
Omnivore An animal that eats both plants and animals.
Parasite An organism that lives on or in another organism (host) and benefits at the host's expense.
Parasitism A symbiotic relationship where one species benefits and the other is harmed.
Photosynthesis The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods.
Polar Ice Frozen regions near the Earth's poles, such as Antarctica.
Population A group of organisms of the same species living in the same area.
Precipitation Any form of water, such as rain, snow, or hail, that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface.
Predation The act of one organism (predator) hunting and consuming another (prey) for food.
Primary Succession The process of ecological succession starting from bare rock or a barren landscape.
Producer An organism that produces its own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, forming the base of the food chain.
Renewable Resources Resources that can be replenished naturally in a short period.
Respiration The process by which organisms release energy from food molecules.
Savanna A grassy plain with scattered trees and shrubs, typically found in tropical regions.
Secondary Succession The process of ecological succession following a disturbance that leaves soil intact.
Symbiotic Relationship A close and long-term interaction between different species.
Species A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
Sunlight The radiant energy emitted by the sun, essential for photosynthesis and life on Earth.
Trophic Level A position in a food chain or web that indicates an organism's feeding status.
Water Cycle (Hydrologic Cycle) The continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.
Wetland A land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally.
10% Rule An Ecological concept that states only about 10% of the energy stored in one trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level. The other 90% of energy is used by the organisms at that trophic level and is also lost as heat.
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