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VN 140 Antineoplasti
VN 140 Antineoplastics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antineoplastics | cancer drugs |
| malignancy | out of control abnormal cell growth robbing other tissues of nutrients that are required for normal health |
| metastasis | spread of malignant cells to other areas of the body |
| neoplasm | abnormal growth or tumors that maybe benign or malignant. |
| chemotherapeutic agents | designed to treat malignant diseases. -action is to slow cell growth or delay spread of malignant cells. |
| chemotherapeutic agents | can be used with other treatments such as surgery or radiation and goal of chemotherapy is destroy all tumor cells without excessive destruption of normal cells |
| antineoplastic agents | can be given alone or combined. |
| what cells are the most sensitive to radiation therapy? | GI tract and epithelial oral mucosa cells |
| what are the antineoplastic agents? | a) alkylating agents b)antibiotic preparations c) antimetabolites d) hormones e) mitotic inhibitors f) miscellaneous agents g) radioactive medications |
| alkylating agents | it interferes with normal processes of cell - affect both the normal and malignant cells; malignant cells seems to be affected more by these drugs |
| alkylating agents - uses | recurrent ovarian CA, CML, brain tumors, hodgkin's disease, CLL, malignant lymphomas, breast & testicular CA, multiple myeloma, lymphosarcoma, CA of the pancreas, urinary bladder |
| mustargen (alkylating agent) | used as a chemical warfare agent -used in hodgkin disease, bronchogenic carcinoma and lymphosarcoma; may produce nausea, vomiting, jaundice, alopecia, skin rash, diarrhea, lymphocytopenia |
| antibiotic preparations | used to delay or prevent cell division of the malignant cells. -interferes with the DNA and RNA synthesis. |
| antibiotic preparations - uses | lymphomas, squamous cell CA of head and neck, breast, bladder, ovarian, stomach, pancrease, lung, testicular & uterine CA, leukemia, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria |
| antimetabolites | disrupt normal cell functions by interfering with various metabolic functions of the cell -most effective in cells that are most rapidly dividing (ie skin cells, blood cell, hair) |
| antimetabolites - uses | leukemia, lymphoma, solid tumor malignancies, mets breast CA, AML & ALL, CLL, CML, GI & liver adenocarcinoma with mets, CA of breast |
| hormones | certain tumors may depend on hormones/chemicals produced by sex glands; various hormones that counteract the effects of the hormones used by the tumor maybe an effective treatment |
| hormones | the mechanism of action is unknown |
| hormones - uses | advanced or mets breast CA, advanced prostate CA, renal or endometrial CA, palliation |
| tamoxifen | Nolvadex |
| tamoxifen (hormones) | competes with estrogen; given to gynecomastia -used in breast cancer in postmenopausal women; may produce hypercalcemia and ophtalmic changes. |
| mitotic inhibitors | special group of medications that directly interfere with or stop cell division |
| mitotic inhibitors - uses | hodgkin's disease, Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, testicular CA, Wilm's tumor, acute leukemia, non-small cell lung CA, breast & ovarian CA |
| VINCAs (mitotic inhibitors) | these are drugs: vinblastine, vincristine and vinorelbine tartrate -very corrossive to blood vessel or soft tissue -stop infusion if it is not going to vein and use cold compress |
| vincristine (mitotic inhibitors) | side effect: tingling and numbness -used in hodgkin's disease, Wilm's tumor, acute leukemia, lumphosarcoma; may produce nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, wt loss, ataxia, headache & mouth ulcers |
| vinblastine (mitotic inhibitors) | used in hodgkin's disease, Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma, and testicular carcinoma; may cause nausea, vomiting, malaise, headache, numbness, paresthesias, weakness, depression & leukopenia |
| vinorelbine tartrate (mitotic inhibitors) | IV product used in non-small cell lung cancer. Unlabled uses in breast cancer, ovarian carcinoma, and Hodgkin's disease |
| miscellaneous agents | a mix of other drugs developed in the last few yrs. -make up the largest category of antineoplastics |
| miscellaneous agents | -treatment of wide variety of conditions; many unlabled & some are being used in clinical trials to determine safety & effectiveness |
| radioactive medications | medication containing radioactive material ingested orally or injectable |
| radioactive medications - uses | hyperthyroidisms, thyroid CA, palliation, curative, preventative, lymphoma, brain CA |
| radioactive iodine (i131) | cell & tissue destruction is localized were cancer is at -med is given when pt is @ hospital -not everybody is allowed. Has to self care |
| when radioactive meds are given, what must nurses do? | a) must shield self b) less time, the better c) space between patient and nurse |
| adverse reactions of antineoplastics | the meds action on normal cells cause many of the adverse reactions - dose dependent -most common: nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, anorexia, alopecia, bone marrow depression |
| neutropenia patient | WBC is low |
Created by:
jekjes
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