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Cell_Respiration

4 Phases of Cell Respiration & Details

QuestionAnswer
ATP A molecule - break parts to create energy. ATP -> ADP + 1 phosphate molecule + energy
Cell Respiration Formula C6-H12-O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + ATP
4 Stages of Cell Respiration Glycolysis, PDC, Krebs Cycle, Electron transport/oxidative phosphorylation. Only Glycolysis is anaerobic.
Electron Carriers These are molecules that store energy as electrons. Storing this energy = "reduced." Giving it up = "Oxidized."
NAD+ (1st electron carrier) Accepts a pair of electrons & hydrogen ion to become NADH. (NAD+ + H+ + 2e- = NADH)
FAD+ (2nd electron carrier) Accepts a pair of electrons & hydrogen ions to become NADH2. (FAD+ + 2H+ + 2e- = FADH2)
Glycolysis Splits one glucose -> two pyruvate molecules. Needs two ATP. (Glucose + 2ATP + 2NAD+ > 2 Pyru. + 4 ATP + 2 NADH). Byproducts: 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate. Anaerobic.
PDC (Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex) Uses enzymes to make pyruvate only 2 carbon atoms & attach it to "coenzyme a." Extra carbon atom -> 1 CO2. Products: Carbon Dioxide, 2NADH, 2 acetyl Coenzyme A.
Krebs Cycle Acetyl Co-a added to oxaloacetic molecule to make citric acid. K.C. aka "Citric Acid Cycle." Citric acid broken down then rearranged to form original oxa. Byproducts: 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, carbon dioxide.
Electron Transport & Oxidation Phosphorylation (Overview) ET: Needs to empty electron carriers of energy so can make more ATP. OP: To convert previously stored energy to make ATP.
Electron Transport (1/3) NADH and FADH2, the electron carriers, hand their electrons (energy) down carrier molecules. Then reacts with oxygen -> water.
Oxidation Phosphorylation (2/3) The moved electrons' energy pumps H+ ions from inner matrix to in the double membrane. H+I. want to get back to center but can't cross membrane.
ATP synthase (3/3) This process allows the H+I. back to center matrix, and movement energy used to make ADP into ATP. Net: NADH, FADH2, ADP -> NAD+, FAD+, ATP. Total: 36 ATP.
Location of phases: Glycolysis: Cytoplasm PDC: Matrix/Mitochondria Krebs: Matrix/Mitochondria ET/OP: Between double membrane of Mitochondria
End products of phases: Glycolysis: 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH PDC: Acetyl Co-A, NADH, CO2 Krebs Cycle: Oxaloacetic acid, 3 NADH, 1 ATP, 1 FADH2, CO2 ET/OP: NAD+, FAD+, lots of ATP TOTAL ATP: 36
Fermentation (1/2) No Oxygen -> no empty eCarriers, no PDC or Krebs. Glygolysis - Anaerobic fermentation. NADH donates electrons to pyruvate to make more empty carriers. NADH becomes NAD+ to make more ATP; pyruvate w/electrons becomes toxic lactic acid/humans.
Fermentation (2/2) Regular Aerobic Cellular Respiration - 36 ATP per glucose. Anaerobic Fermentation - only 2 ATP per glucose molecule.
Created by: jazzhands1
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