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Bio Unit 2

QuestionAnswer
The cell's nuclear membrane: contains many holes because it has multiple membrane perforations
How does the "birth" of a ribosome happen in a eukaryotic cell? All of above: rRna is decoded from DNA in the nucleus, ribosomal subunits are formed in the nucleus, and are transported to the cytoplasm, ribosomal subunits (composed of rRNA and protein) join together in the cytoplasm to form a complete functional ribos
The endoplasmic reticulum is All of above: connected to the nuclear membrane, only present in eukaryotic cells, composed of vesicles and tubules
Regarding cellular syntheses, choose true All of above: protein synthesis happens in ribosomes, lipid or steroid synthesis happens within smooth ER, cell wall synthesis happens in plant cells
The endo-membrane system contains All of above: ER, nuclear envelope, vesicles
Some cells in the human body, such as the cells of the ovaries and testes may have more smooth ER than the amount found in other cells True
Some cells in the human body, such as the cells of the liver may have more ribosomes than the amount found in other cells True
Drug use can cause the human liver cells to develop more smooth ER than the amount found in unexposed (naive) cells
Smooth ER All of above: stores calcium, increases in amount in liver cells, for instance, when the human body is exposed to large amounts of alcohol
Which of the following is involved in the transport of secretory proteins within the cell? All of above: vesicles, rough ER, ribosomes
Which of the following is involved in the production or transport of secretory proteins within the cell? All of above: vesicles, rough ER, ribosomes
Which of the following is produced by the ER? All of above: membrane proteins, secretory proteins, glyco-proteins
Cells that secrete comparatively more proteins (than a typical cell) All of above: gave more Golgi sacs, have more ribosomes, have more ER
Structurally , the Golgi apparatus is not identical to the rough ER
Cargo from Golgi can go to All of above: plasma membrane, lysosome, out of cell
The Golgi All of above: never processes the proteins that it receives from transport vesicles, may process the proteins that it receives from transport vesicles, by adding tags such as phosphate groups, may enzymatically remove sugars from glycoproteins.
Which of the following is directly responsible for breaking down non-functional or old mitochondria? Lysosome
Vacuoles All of above: can help grow a plant cell, can store pigments, can expel water
There is no such thing as a mitochondrial genome False
Plasmodesmata connect adjacent plant cells True
DNA is found in All of above: mitochondrial matrix, Chloroplast's stroma, nucleus
Cytoskeleton is made up of All of above: Actin microfibers, microtubules, intermediate filaments
Integrins All of above: are proteins, are embedded in the cell membrane, enable cell to cell communication
The basal body anchoring the flagella to the human sperm becomes a centrosome in the zygote
The human sperm's flagella can bend because it has motor proteins walking on its microtubules called dynein
Chlorophyll pigments All of above: are located in chloroplasts within plant cells, capture photons of light or light energy, transform light energy to chemical energy
Circular DNA is found in All of above: bacteria, mitochondria, chloroplasts
Mitochondrial ribosomes All of above: make protein, are a complex composed of rRNA and protein, are different from eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes
Actin proteins in human white blood cells are homologous to those found in amoeba
Mitosis does NOT produce... All of above: male sperm, haploid eggs, bacterial clones
Choose True statement: All asexual organisms do NOT divide by Binary Fission
Clones are produce after asexual reproduction of cells, and each daughter cell is most likely to be exactly identical to the parent cell True
Which is true? All of above: Fission during asexual reproduction yields clones, fusion during fertilization yields zygotes, Binary Fission in bacteria is a form of asexual reproduction
Unique recombinant alleles are produced by: Meiosis
Beer is a product of fermentation by yeast. Which of the following is most commonly occurring during beer fermentation? Mitosis happens during beer fermentation
An amoeba is a unicellular eukaryote. Which of the following statements is true? It divides by Mitosis
Archaea reproduce by Binary Fission True
Mitosis produces white blood cells
Choose the true statement all unicellular eukaryotes divide by Mitosis
Clones are produced after Meiosis I False
Which is TRUE? Fission yields zygotes, fusion is prokaryotic reproduction, fission yields sexual colonies, fusion happens during fertilization fusion happens during fertilization
Interphase happens Before Meiosis I
Which is true? In unicellular eukaryotes, mitosis enables reproduction of cells, in multicellular eukaryotes, mitosis enables replacement of damaged cells within tissues, in multicellular eukaryotes, mitosis enables growth All of above
Amoeba are eukaryotes that cannot photosynthesize
Archaea are eukaryotic organisms False
Centrosomes duplicate at G2
Chromosomes duplicate at S
Chromatids separate at Anaphase
Cell plate is observed in plant cells
Cytokinesis involves the formation of a contractile ring, and requires the contribution of actin
During mitosis, cytoskeleton components are actively involved, such as All of above: actin microfilaments, motor proteins, microtubules
During mitosis (prometaphase stage) which of the following pulls chromatids to align them at the cell equator? Motor proteins
During mitosis, what would happen if the nuclear envelope did not fragment and disappear during prometaphase? All of above: Microtubules would not be able to reach into the nuclear region to capture chromosomes, microtubules would remain outside in the cytoplasm, microtubules would not be able to attach to kinetochores.
Centrosomes are found in: animal cells
Human diploid cells All of above: have 22 autosomes, have 2 sex chromosomes XX or XY, have chromosomes that take part in homologous recombination
Normal human gametes are haploid
The human lifecycle begins with formation of zygote
Meiosis I produces haploid cells
2 chromatids held together, at centromere, with cohesins is called a chromosome
Even though there are 2 chromatids, because these 2 are held together at their centromeres and along their lengths by cohesins, the daughter cell produced by Meiosis I is called a haploid
Homologous recombination occurs between 2 non-sister chromatids
A karyotype: All of above: is an image created after staining chromosomes, is an image created after pairing up metaphase chromosomes, is an image created to detect polyploidy or other chromosomal abnormalities
Nondisjunction All of above: is caused because of a mistake in meiosis, is caused when chromatids fail to separate during gamete formation, causes an abnormal number of chromosomes to be present in the gamete formed
The miotic spindle in animal cells All of the above: contains microtubules, emanates from the centrosome, attaches to the chromosome's kinetochore
Cell division typically starts after a growth factor attaches to a receptor on the plasma membrane of the cell
Which macromolecule contains our heritable genetic code DNA
Which model organism was used by Hershey and Chase to figure out whether DNA or protein contain hereditary information? Phages that infect E. coli
Which 2 components are T2 phages made up of? DNA and Protein
Which part of a nucleic acid monomer is different between 2 DNA monomers? Nitrogenous base
Which of the following elements are present in DNA? CHOP (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus)
Multiple bubbles of replication are found in replicating DNA
During Protein synthesis, the peptide bonds between two acid monomers is catalyzed by rRNA
During DNA replication, the phosphodiester bonds between two DNA monomers is catalyzed by DNA polymerase
Choose the correct statement from the given options All of above: mRNA is made up of ribose and other molecules, mRNA is translated by ribosomes, mRNA is a product of RNA polymerase activity
Okazaki fragments are linked by Ligase
DNA copies itself with the help of proteins
Which of the following allows DNA to be copied base pairing between 2 strands
Choose complementary DNA strand for 5'-AGGT-3' 3'-TCCA-5'
RNA differs from DNA, in that it is composed of uracil and ribose
What do the functional groups between 2 pairs of DNA bases permit? Hydrogen bonding
Background: A NH2 group hangs off of pyrimidine cytosine and purine adenine, A CO group hangs off of pyrimidine thymine and purine guanine. But in DNA, C only pairs with G. Why? All of above: Because pyrimidines do not attach to each other, because purines do not attach to each other, because NH2 of one base attaches to CO of the other base, forming a pair.
Why is DNA called an acid? phosphate is in ionized form
Which part of DNA is basic (not acidic)? Thymine
Which part of DNA is negatively charged? Phosphate
The sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA is made up of covalent bonds
In single stranded DNA, you observe alternating sugar and phosphate molecules
In DNA, it is observed that A purine always binds with a pyrimidine
Purines contain 2 rings
Double stranded DNA forms double helix
After the zygote is formed, mitosis ensues to produce the multicellular organism. How are different cell types, such as skin cells, bone cells, and liver cells, and different tissues and organs produced All of the above: response to different cues, control of gene expression, programmed cell death
Stem cells may be All of above: pluripotent, totipotent, induced
During signal transduction, The chemical signal molecule must bind cell receptor
Genes may be controlled by DNA regions, that are external to the genes
Gene expression can be controlled by All of the above: blocking transcription, blocking translation, blocking post translational modifications
Gene expression is inhibited by All of above: when nutrient availability is low or zero, when supplies or protein components is low or zero, when RNA polymerase cannot access gene
Organismal development depends on All of above: methylation patterns on DNA, external cues, gene environment
Interphase chromosomes are replicated
Chromatin is a result of compaction. What is a consequence of DNA compaction Gene expression is turned off
Gene expression may be All of above: conditional, constitutive, controlled
Activator proteins All of above: trigger transcription, help RNA polymerase, are upstream of gene
In all cases, repressor proteins may be turned off or on
How might a prokaryote save energy and resources All of above: by not producing unnecessary enzymes, by producing enzymes only upon nutrient availability, by degrading unnecessary enzymes and related mRNA
How can multiple different proteins be produced from a single mRNA in a prokaryote multiple stop and start codon signals
Which of the following is not immediately, directly, and actively involved in the process of translation? All of above: RNA polymerase, DNA polymerase, Ligase
When translocating, the Ribosome encounters a stop codon on mRNA. What's next All of above: Polypeptide release, small and large ribosomal subunits separate, tRNAs leave ribosome
What is true about tRNA All of above: it is a polymer not more than 100 nucleotides in length, it consists of double-stranded as well as single-stranded regions, it is enzymatically charged with amino acid with the utilization of ATP
Why are genes longer than ORFs? All of above: Genes contain extra material necessary for protein synthesis, which are not transcribed into mRNA, genes contain extra material which are not translated into the synthesized protein, genes contain extra material which are necessary for RNA p
During transcription and translation the precursor mRNA's introns are removed prior to exiting the eukaryotic cell's nucleus
Which of the following may be used in scientific experiments All of above: in vitro experiments, in vivo experiments, in silico experiments
Which of the following are used as model organisms in scientific experiments T2 viruses
Created by: marshj6
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