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Cells Revision

TermDefinition
characteristics of living things mrs gren
M movement
R respiration
S sensitivity
G growth
R reproduction
E excretion
N nutrition
cells the basic units of all life
calculating microscope magnification eye piece x objective lens
eukaryotic kingdoms animal, plant, protist and fungi
prokaryotic kingdom monera
unicellular one cell
multicellular more than one cell
unicellular examples bacteria, protists and some algae
multicellular examples animals, plants, fungi
prokaryotic examples e coli, salmonella, halobacterium
eukaryotic examples human, tree, phytoplankton
prokaryotic organisms has no membrane bound organelles
eukaryotic organisms contains membrane bound organelles
cell membrane outer boundary of cell and allows things in and out of the cell
cell wall additional layer of protection for a plant cell
cytoplasm watery solution which organelles are suspended in
nucleus contains DNA and controls the cell
rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached and transports proteins through cell
ribosomes produces proteins for cells
golgi body packages materials for export out of cells
vacuoles storage of water, minerals, sugars and wastes
lysosomes contains enzymes that digests waste for cells
mitochondria converts chemical energy into ATP for use by a cells
chloroplasts converting sunlight into chemical energy, the site of photosynthesis
tissue group of similar cells that perform a particular function
smooth endoplasmic reticulum creates and transports lipids throughout cell
differences between animal and plant cells plant cells have cell wall, chloroplast, large vacuole
small cell large surface area to volume ratio
large cell small surface area to volume ratio
fluid easily moved or pliable
mosaic made of many different molecules
selectively permeable only lets certain substances in and out of the cell
hydrophilic water loving
hydrophobic water hating
cholesterol stabilises the space between phospholipids
integral proteins inserted in the phospholipid bilayer
peripheral proteins on the exterior of the phospholipid bilayer
channel proteins allow certain substances in and out of cells without needing energy
carrier proteins bind to specific substances and transfer them across the cell membrane
receptor proteins receive chemical signals from other cells then transmit them into the cell
glygoproteins proteins with carbohydrate chains attached
glycolipids lipids with carbohydrate chains attached
materials exchanged through a cell membrane gases, nutrients, waste products
passive transport diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis
active transport endocytosis and exocytosis
diffusion movement of molecules from a high to low concentration
solvent the dissolving agent
solute substance being dissolved
solution a mixture of two or more substances
osmosis a type of diffusion involving water molecules
tonicity the concentration of solution that determines the direction and rate of diffusion
hypertonic the cell will lose water and shrivel
hypotonic the cell will gain water and eventually burst
isotonic the cell in at equilibrium
factors affecting the rate of exchange surface area to volume ratio, concentration gradient, material being exchanged, temperature
endocytosis transporting into the cell
exoxytosis transporting out of the cell
pinocytosis the intake of fluids and small molecules
phagocytosis the intake of large molecules
decomposers decay dead materials
groups of microorganisms bacteria, fungi, protista, algae, archaea
decomposers decay organic matter
parasites feed on host organisms
viruses can only reproduce with the use of a host organism
ideal bacterial growth conditions nutrients, temperature, acidity/alkalinity, oxygen, water
binary fission reproduction in prokaryotic organisms
bacterial growth can produce enormous numbers of daughter cells through binary fission in a very short time
uses of microorganisms Digestion​, Recycling of essential nutrients​, Oxygen production by phytoplankton​, Recombinant DNA technology​, Food production
Created by: justineforrest
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