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Genetics & Mutations

Science Test - Ellie Pesqualini

QuestionAnswer
What do the terms homozygous dominant (___) and homozygous recessive mean? (____) two dominant alleles -___-two recessive allele
19. What does the genotype Tt mean to geneticists? (___) TT? (___) tt? (___) heterozygous, hybrid-___-homozygous, purebred-___-homozygous, purebred
25. What do the terms haploid and diploid mean? Half the number of chromosomes-___-The full number of chromosomes - body cells
1. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is…? heredity
2. Different forms of the same gene are known as…? alleles
3. How many chromosomes are present in a human sex cell? 23
4. What is found inside the nucleus that controls all cell activities? DNA
5. What is the set of instructions for each characteristic that are donated by the parent to the offspring called? (This is a section of the DNA) genes
6. The actual inherited combination of alleles (Bb, BB, or bb) is known as the offspring’s …? genotype
7. The organism’s appearance is known as its..? phenotype
8. If two plants are crossed, Tt x Tt, what is the probability that the offspring plants will show the recessive trait? (Hint: use a Punnett square to help you) 25%
9. 10. What are two functions of chromosomes? Determine traits and control all cell processes.
11. In a DNA molecule, what bases pair together? What bases pair in RNA? DNA - A and T, C and G. RNA - A and U, C and G
12. In a DNA strand, what are the sides of the “ladder” made of? the rungs? Sugar & phosphate molecules; nitrogen bases
13. What would be the complementary strand to the this DNA sequence: TAGGCTA? ATCCGAT
14. How is RNA different from DNA? RNA has ribose sugar and uracil
15. What is a mutation? A change in genetic material
16. Be able to name and describe the types of mutations. Substitution, Deletion, Insertion
17. What was Gregor Mendel’s contribution to genetics? Traits are inherited, some traits are dominant and some are recessive, two genes control a trait.
18. How are sex cells different from other human cells? They have half the number of chromosomes
20. What does a Punnett square show? All the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
21. What structures do genes code for? proteins
22. What are Chromosomes made of? DNA
23. Genes are located on…? chromosomes
24. What does the term heterozygous mean? Two different alleles: Tt
26. How can mutations be helpful to humans? genetic diversion and evoloution
27. How can mutations be harmful to humans? Can cause disorders, disease
28. What is a karyotype? An image of a person's chromosomes arranged in numerical order. A karyotype may be used to look for abnormalities in chromosome number or structure.
29. How can you tell the difference in a male and female karyotype? Male karyotype will have an X and a Y chromosome for the 223 pair. Female will have 2 X chromosomes.
30. What can a karyotype tell you about chromosomal disorders? It can show where there is a trisomy or a monosomy.
31. What is a frameshift mutation? An insertion or deletion in a base pair which disrupts the triplet reading frame of a DNA sequence.
Created by: Caroline Faris
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