Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Mat and Proc
Exam Numba 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tungsten | Which of the following is considered to be a Refractory Metal |
| What are the compounds considered to be a Glass Former? | SiO2, B2O3, P2O5 |
| Secondary Processing | A company that manufactures hard good consumer products from industrial stock |
| Separating | Removes material or volume |
| Chemical Milling | Non-mechanical separating |
| Hard Automation | is all about the mechanical components (hardware and components) of an automated system- Designed for a large volume of a particular process or component |
| Soft Automation | is all about the control methods of an automated systems - Can handle a wide variety of shapes, materials and processes |
| Open-Loop Systems | meet a preset standard without monitoring the output or taking corrective action |
| Closed-Loop Systems | Error Detection and Feedback Circuits are added to correct non-conforming products-not possible without sensors |
| Sensitivity | is the ratio of a change in output to a change in input |
| Numerical Control | A way to move a machine a pre-determined distance and speed, repeatedly, using a non-human input - Tape, Diskette, Disk or Computer Memory |
| Adaptive Control Systems | will change input values as operating conditions change - Uses numerous sensors and transducers |
| Normally Closed | Completes the circuit |
| Hysteresis | ability to give the same output signal with increasing or decreasing values |
| Basic Oxygen Furnace developed in | 1960 |
| Tool Steel | have Carbides and usually contain Tungsten and Molybdenum |
| Superalloys | Able to withstand high temperatures and highly oxidizing conditions - Iron - Nickel - Cobalt |
| Bakelite | (thermoset) developed in 1907 -pan handle |
| Polymer | a long chain of molecules that are linked together |
| Elastic Deformation | means that the deformed plastic will spring back to its original size |
| Creep Failure | occurs when the deformed part does not spring back to its original size |
| Fining agents to help promote bubble removal - | - Nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates |
| Roving | bundle of untwisted strands |
| yarn | strands are twisted |
| Closed-Loop | The type of Control System that allows for Error Detection and Feedback Circuits is called: |
| Zero | In a totally automated assembly plant, how many employees should be in the production area? |
| Be ON unless the switch is activated | In a Normally Closed control circuit, the motor being controlled will: |
| ZigBee Alliance | Which type of wireless standard will allow you to use the lowest amount of power? |
| Conditionally Exempt Generator | If your company produces less than 100 Kg of Hazardous Waste per month, the EPA would consider your company to be: |
| Metals | Over 67% of all the elements are: |
| Molecule | The smallest part of a compound that retains the properties of that compound is called |
| The tensile strength goes up | As the hardness of a metal goes up in value: |
| India 500 A.D. (Crucible Steel) | Steel was first developed in what country and when? |
| .18% | 1018 Steel contains how much carbon? |
| 1/8 | Plastics are about ___ the Density of Steel. |
| Condensation Polymerization | Which of the following types of Polymerization is used to produce Thermosets? |
| Pine Trees | Which of the following is not considered to be a Hardwood |
| 12 inches X 12 inches X 1 inch | What are the dimensions of a Board Foot? |
| Difficult to Drill or Machine | What is a disadvantage of Ceramic Materials? |
| polystyrene | What material cannot be remelted |
| Matrix | The part of a Composite that holds everything together is called the: -Corrosion resistance -starts out as a liquid |
| Prepreg | A Composite material that is a fiber saturated with resin, sealed in a bag, stored in a refrigerator and not yet cured is referred to as a: |
| Costs of Labor & Government Regulations | The only differences from country to country are |
| up | As the value of the U.S. Dollar goes down, the value of other currency goes |
| Non-consumable Hard Goods | Vehicles, Chemicals, Machinery, etc. |
| Non-consumable Soft Goods | Paper, Textiles, Software |
| Extractive Industries | Companies that extract - Metals, Minerals and Chemicals - Oil and Gas - Timber **Primary Processing** |
| The 5 major Process Actions | -Forming -Separating -Fabricating -Conditioning -Finishing |
| Forming | Changes the size or the shape of the material |
| Types of Forming | - Bending - Stretching - Casting - Pressing - Molding |
| Machining | Mechanical chip-producing |
| Shearing and Torch Cutting | Mechanical non chip-producing |
| Fabricating | Adhesion, Cohesion, and mechanical joining |
| Adhesion | (PHYSICAL BONDING) - Soldering, Brazing and Gluing |
| Cohesion | (CHEMICAL BONDING) - Welding |
| Mechanical Joining | - Fasteners |
| Conditioning | Changing the internal or external properties of the material |
| Finishing | -Improves the outward appearance of the material -Protects the exterior surface of the material -Prepares the surface of the material for the application of a coating |
| Adam Smith | Who is credited for the Division of Labor |
| Frederick Taylor | Who is credited with Unskilled Factory System |
| Vertical Integration | Make and control everything you need to create your product |
| Model T Ford | The first mass-produced automobile |
| Fixed Manufacturing Rate (Cycle Time) | Controlled by assembly line conveyors |
| WIP | Work in Process |
| JIT | Just In Time |
| Decrease | We always want to ____ WIP |
| The excess materials are taxed and aren't being currently sold | Why is excess WIP a problem? |
| INCREASES | EVERY OBSTRUCTION ___ WIP |
| Quality Characteristics | -Appropriate for use -Safe for use -Value for use -Reliability in use |
| SPC (Statistical Process Control) | Upper and lower control unit as boundaries -If quality goes outside of boundaries (BAD PRODUCT): Stop Production |
| The 5 Whys | Lean tool to get to root cause |
| 80% of the wealth is controlled by 20% of the population | Pareto Analysis |
| MRP (Material Requirements Planning) | Track, purchase and release materials |
| Push System | Order the materials and then establish a start date to PUSH production through the plant |
| Pull System | - Ship the order when it is received - This requires WIP and finished product inventory - Kanban Approach |
| Kanban | -Aligns inventory levels with actual consumption. -A signal tells a supplier to produce and deliver a new shipment when material is consumed. -Uses the rate of customer demand to control the rate of production. |
| red kanban card | A ____ lying in an empty parts cart conveys that more parts are needed. |
| ROBUSTNESS | makes a product insensitive to fluctuations in the working environment. |
| The Dependent Variable | ____ is the outcome or quality that you would like to achieve. |
| Automation | -Does not always reduce waste -Does not always improve productivity -Should increase the rate of production -Should be used to remove workers from unsafe or unhealthy production processes |
| first | Solve the most frequently occurring problems ___ |
| before | Solve cycle-time variability problems ____ you start automation |
| THROUGHPUT | is the amount of product that moves through an entire process in a given period of time |
| Primary Manufacturers | make industrial stock or raw materials |
| Secondary Manufacturers | make discreet products or components from industrial stock or raw materials |
| Turnkey System | a standardized and ready to operate once it is purchased |
| Transient Response | Affects the systems ability to achieve a desired output |
| Damping | is a method of data smoothing |
| Overdamped | An____ response will smooth the data too much |
| Underdamped | An _____ response does not smooth the data enough |
| Steady-state error | is the difference between the actual output and the desired output |
| Stability | is how well the control system can maintain a steady state of output |
| Electromechanical Relays | _____ have a much greater failure rate than PLCs |
| PLCs | -usually fail all at once -cost more but last longer and have less variability |
| Stability | Opposite of variability |
| Point-to-point Systems | - Usually a 2-axis coordinate system - Can only move in one axis at a time - No specific tool path |
| Continuous-path Systems | - Can control the tool feed rate - Offsets and compensation in the tool path are possible - Can produce complex curved surfaces |
| Computer Numerical Control (CNC) | -A microprocessor is built into the control panel of the individual machine tool -Allows the operator to make tool path, feed and speed changes very easily |
| Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) | Can be developed with or without NC technology • Manage EVERYTHING - Part Design - Part Machining - Data Planning - Sales - Accounting - Management Functions |
| Bulk Systems | Transport and feed Liquids, Gases and granular solids |
| Feeder Systems | Convey and position discreet components |
| Magazine Systems | - Convey pre-positioned components - Strip or Reel Feeding |
| Dead-End Escapement | to a fixed point |
| Capture and Place Escapement | to a particular place |
| Sensors | are devices that gather information -detect characteristics or conditions of a variable |
| Transducers | gather and convert information. |
| Momentary Switches | are only active when pressed |
| Normal State | is the position when there is no activiy |
| Normally Open | Breaks the circuit |
| Discrete Device | is either on or off, open or closed, black or white |
| Analog Device | produces a signal that is proportional to the characteristic being measured |
| Sensitivity | A measure of the smallest change that can be detected |
| Absolute Sensitivity | a ratio of the change in output per unit change of the input |
| Resolution | the smallest change that can be detected |
| Accuracy | largest expected error as a percentage of the full range of output |
| Error | the difference between the measured value and the actual value |
| Zero Drift | getting an output signal when there is no input value |
| Dynamic Range | the range between the minimum and maximum measurable values |
| Input Span | the portion of the dynamic range that can be used without getting any errors |
| EEPROM | Electrically Erasable Programmable Readonly Memory -Retains its contents even when the power is turned off |
| Bus | the hardware that connects all the devices in a control system |
| Product Life Cycle | The time that a product is in use, up until it wears out and is no longer fit for use |
| False | True or False: Materials are selected based on a cost basis |
| The Middle of the Periodic Table | - Elements become more dense - Elements become less reactive |
| The Edges of the Periodic Table | - Elements become less dense - Elements become more reactive - Except for the Inert Gases on the Far Right |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (1983) |
| MSDS | Material Safety Data Sheet |
| NIOSH | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health |
| CAS Numbers | Chemical Abstracts Service |
| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
| EPA Hazardous Wastes | A waste with properties that make it dangerous or capable of having a harmful effect on human health and the environment |
| Conditionally Exempt (EPA) | - less than 100 kg. per month |
| Small Quantity Generator (EPA) | 100 to 1000 kg. per month |
| Large Quantity Generator (EPA) | over 1000 kg. per month |
| Manifest | Must be filled out any time a hazardous waste is transported (EPA) |
| 67% | Over ___ of all the Elements are classified as Metals |
| Pure | Metals are those that are found in Nature |
| Ferrous | - Contains Iron as the primary constituent |
| Nonferrous | Does not contain Iron as the primary constituent Softer than Steel More corrosion resistant than steel More expensive than steel |
| INORGANIC | Metals • Ceramics • Glass • Water • Stone |
| ORGANIC | Polymers • Wood / Paper • Textiles • Petroleum / Coal |
| Metallic Element | Valence of -1, -2 or -3 opaque as a solid or liquid easily shaped and strengthened conducts electricity and heat very well |
| Sodium -1 | which is the most reactive element: Aluminum -3 Magnesium -2 Sodium -1 |
| Carbon Steel | Iron, Carbon, Manganese and Silicon |
| Stainless Steel | Iron, Carbon, Manganese, Silicon, Chromium and Nickel |
| Bronze | Copper, Tin and Silicon |
| Increases | The Conductivity of metals decreases as the temperature |
| decreases | The Conductivity of metals increases as the temperature |
| Resistance | is the opposite of Conductivity |
| Superconductor | is a metal that is able to conduct electricity without any resistance to the flow of current |
| up | As Hardness goes up, Tensile strength goes |
| down | As Hardness goes up, Elongation normally goes |
| down | As Hardness goes up, Machinability normally goes |
| Fatigue | repeatedly stressing the metal) |
| Creep | the amount of deformation at higher temperatures |
| Plasticity | ability to change shape as force is applied |
| Ductility | ability to be formed without breaking |
| STEEL | An alloy of Iron and less than 2% Carbon |
| 3000 B.C. | Iron was first smelted for use in about |
| Wrought Iron | All steels until about the 14th century were made from |
| Pig Iron | is 100% new Iron made from Iron Ore |
| The Bessemer Process | developed in England (1855) used an air blast to burn out the Carbon in the molten Iron |
| 1870 | Regenerative Preheating Open Hearth Furnaces were developed in |
| Electric Arc Furnace | developed after 1900 (can be shut down between uses) |
| mill scale | Steel will have a dark __ ___ on the surface |
| Hot Rolled Steel | Steel that is weak/soft, cheap, and recrystallizes without getting harder |
| Cold Rolled Steel | Steel that is expensive, strong, and will harden (may need pickled in an acid bath) |
| Low Alloy Steel (up to 6 % alloy) | 41XX, 86XX, 61XX are |
| High Alloy Steel (over 6 % alloy) a.k.a. "Stainless Steel" | 410, 440, 304, 316 are |
| Carbon Steel | has a BROWN color code |
| Alloy Steels | are marked with 2 colors |
| Gray Cast Iron | -Excellent machinability -Good sound damping ability -Difficult to weld -Low Elongation |
| White Cast Iron | Good for making wear resistant castings -Impact crusher parts -Difficult to weld -Difficult to machine -Very Hard |
| Malleable Cast Iron | -Has good Elongation -Good for machined pipe fitting -Difficult to weld |
| Ductile Cast Iron (SGI) | -Very good strength and machinability -High Elongation -Difficult to weld |
| Compacted Graphite Cast Iron (CGI) | Has Tensile and Elongation like Ductile Iron and machinability and sound damping like Gray Iron -Used for diesel engine blocks and disk brake rotors |
| Austempered Ductile Cast Iron (ADI) | Twice as strong as regular Ductile Iron -As strong as steel with better wear resistance -Requires precise heat treatment -Difficult to weld |
| Copper, Aluminum, Lead, Zinc, Tin, Nickel, Magnesium and Titanium are important Nonferrous Metals | Important Nonferrous Metals |
| Refractory Metals | Super high strength at super high temperatures -Difficult to shape -Powder Metals |
| Tungsten (W) | Highest melting point metal |
| Celluloid | (thermoplastic) developed in 1866-film |
| Thermoplastics | can be re-melted and recycled |
| Thermosets | cannot be re-melted or easily recycled |
| Resins | the building blocks of Plastics |
| Commodity Resins | - General purpose applications - Lower cost - Polyethylene (PE) - Polypropylene (PP) - Polystyrene (PS) - Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) |
| Engineering Resins | - Specialty, High Performance applications - Higher cost - Nylon - Epoxy - Acrylic - Polycarbonate (PC) - Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) |
| Natural Polymers | made from Cotton and Wood Cellulose |
| Synthetic (man made) Polymers | Man made from oil and natural gas |
| Elastomers | can be elongated (stretched) to twice their normal size and will return to their original size - Natural Rubber - Synthetic Rubber |
| Polymerization | Molecules of chemical raw materials can be made to link together by applying heat (or other forms of energy), pressure, or a Catalyst |
| increases; increases | As the degree of Polymerization increases - Molecular Weight ___ and Viscosity ___ |
| Addition Polymerization | Used to produce Thermoplastics |
| Condensation Polymerization | Used to produce Thermosets |
| Amorphous Molecules | are arranged randomly and are intertwined -fast cooling -thermosets -glass |
| Crystalline Molecules | are arranged in a distinct, orderly pattern -slow cooling -thermoplastics -ceramics |
| Glass Transition Temperature | Thermoplastics will retain their shape up to a point called the |
| Melting Point | occurs when the molecular chains lose their linkages and become fully liquid |
| 70% 25% 5% | Wood Composition __ is Cellulose __ is Lignin __ extractive materials |
| Moisture and Density | ___ and ___ control the strength of wood materials |
| Hardwood | - Deciduous trees which shed their leaves each year - Generally grown East of the Mississippi River |
| Softwood | - Conifer trees which keep their needles all year round - Grown in Southern and Western regions -Do not have pores |
| Open-Grain (large pores) | Hardwood: - Oak - Mahogany - Ash -more dense -harder |
| Closed-Grain (small pores) | Hardwood: - Maple - Cherry - Birch -less hard and less dense -prettier |
| 3 board feet | 12X12X3 inches is |
| clay and glass; inorganic | ceramic materials are made of ___ and __ they are all ____ |
| Na2O, PbO, K2O, Li2O | Fluxes to reduce melting points |
| - CaO, Al2O3 | Viscosity and Toughness Modifiers |
| Colorants | Metal oxides with 3d, 4f electron structures |
| reinforcement | - Material that adds strength properties - Starts out as a filler, fiber or solid |
| Fillers | - Increase volume - Bridge gaps between reinforcements - Reduce cost - Have weight and take up space |
| E-Glass | Electrically insulating; 50% SiO2 |
| S-Glass (a.k.a. R-Glass & T-Glass) | Stronger than E-Glass |
| Strand | glass filaments |
| yield | yards of fiber roving per pound |
| mat | non-woven fabric |
| Back Skin Laminate | fine fiber glass |
| Scrim | - small pieces of solid core glued to a fabric - used for curved surfaces |
| Matrix Thermosets | - Polyester (most common) - Vinyl Ester - Epoxy |
| Matrix Thermoplastics | - Nylon - PS - PE - Acrylic |
| Thixotropic Agents | will prevent the Gel Coat from dripping and sagging |
| Prepregs | - Fiber saturated with resin but not yet cured - Available in many shapes and forms - Must be kept cool to prevent polymerization |
| 30 | The smallest sample size for accurate statistical analysis is: |
| To improve productivity | The primary goal of automation is: |
| Automation does not require any human presence | What is the main difference between Automation and Mechanization? |
| Chronic | When considering Operation Cycle Time Variability, any problem that happens repeatedly is referred to as: |
| To provide a living for the owners, the employees and their families | The purpose of a Manufacturing business is: |
| Vehicles | Which of the following is a Non-consumable Hard Good? |
| A company that owns and operates restaurants | Which of the following is not a Manufacturing company? |
| Surfing | Which of the following is not a major Material Processing Action? |
| Cohesion | Type of Bonding that will give you the highest strength? |
| A solar airplane project - Solar Impulse 2 | What is Si2? |
| Eli Whitney | Who is credited with the concept of Interchangeability of Parts? |
| Work in Process | What does WIP mean? |
| Toyota (1950's) | Which of the following companies developed the Kanban concept for Manufacturing? |
| Pull System | Kanban is used for which type of Manufacturing Control System? |
| Steel | Of all of the metals, which is the most widely recycled (largest tonnage)? |
| Elements become less reactive | As you get closer to the middle of the Periodic Table of Elements: |
| 8 | With the exception of Hydrogen and Helium, all other elements what to have what number of electrons in their outer shell? |
| Steady-state Error | In a Control System, the difference between the actual output and the desired output is called: |
| PLCs | For On/Off operations which type of control is more desirable? |
Created by:
Christo18
Popular Engineering sets