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SSA - EARTH SCIENCE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Igneous Rock? | Any type of rock can be MELTED in the Earth’s crust. It needs HEAT. |
| What is Sedimentary Rock? | Rock that forms from other ERODED rock. |
| What is Metamorphic Rock? | When rock in the crust gets pushed under another tectonic plate, metamorphic rock can form. It needs HEAT and PRESSURE. |
| What is Radiation? | Electromagnetic waves from the Sun travels through our atmosphere and hits the surface (land, water). |
| What is Convection? | The transfer of energy through the movement of hot or cool fluids (air and water). Hot air rises and cool air sinks. |
| What is Conduction? | The transfer of heat energy by two or more objects in contact with each other. |
| What is Sea Breeze? | During the day, the land is hotter than the ocean. A breeze moves from the cool air over water (land pressure) to the warm air over land (low pressure). |
| What is Land Breeze? | At night, the ocean is warmer than the land. A breeze moves from the cool air over land (HIGH pressure) to the warm air over the ocean (LOW pressure). |
| What is Weathering? | Wind, ice, gravity, and water BREAK ROCK apart, creating sediment. |
| What is Erosion? | When the sediment is MOVED to another place by wind, ice, gravity, water. |
| What is Deposition? | When the sediment carried by wind, ice, gravity, water is deposited (LAID DOWN) in another location. |
| What is the Law of Superposition? | In horizontal layers of sedimentary rock, each layer is older than the layer above it and younger than the layer below it. |
| What is the Tectonic Plates Theory? | It explains how Earth's subterranean movements create major landforms. |
| What type of tectonic plates form volcanoes? | Convergent Plates |
| What type of tectonic plates cause Earthquakes? | Convergent and Transform Plates. |
| What are Convergent Tectonic plates? | Where two plates are moving towards each other and colliding. |
| What are Divergent Tectonic Plates? | Where tectonic plates are moving away from each other. |
| What are Transform Plates? | Where two plates move (and rub) against each other in opposite directions. |
| What is Weather? | Can change between a few minutes or hours. |
| What is Climate? | Takes very long time to change. Is measure as averages. Ex. The average amount of rain. The average temperature, etc. |
| What is found in the Biosphere? | All living things on earth. |
| What is found in the Cryosphere? | All of the frozen ice on earth. |
| What is found in the Atmosphere? | Layers of gas that surround the earth’s surface. |
| What is found in the Hydrosphere? | All of the liquid water on earth |
| What is found in the Geosphere? | The soil, rock, and land at the surface of the Earth. |
| What are the layers of Earth? | Crust: where living things are. Mantle: below the crust. It moves very slow. Outer Core: Hot, liquid. Its motion generates Earth's magnetic field. Inner Core: Hot, solid, very dense center of the planet. |
| What is Physical Weathering? | Also called mechanical weathering, is a process that causes the disintegration of rocks, minerals, and soils without chemical change. The primary process in physical weathering is abrasion. |
| What is Chemical Weathering? | It is the breakdown of rock by chemical mechanisms that change the chemical composition of the rock or mineral. |
| What are the primary agents in Chemical Weathering? | The primary agents are water, oxygen, and acids. It happens because the mineralogy of the rock adjusts to the near-surface environment. It involves processes such as carbonation, hydration, hydrolysis, or oxidation. |
| What are the layers of the atmosphere? | • Troposphere: the gaseous layer closest to the ground. We live here. • Stratosphere: where the ozone layer protects us from harmful radiation. • Mesosphere: cold middle layer • Thermosphere: hot outer layer, heated by the sun |
| What are the Earth' Spheres? | Biosphere, Atmosphere, Cryosphere, Hydrosphere, and Biosphere. |
| What is a Jet Stream? | Jet streams are relatively narrow bands of strong wind in the upper levels of the atmosphere. |
| What is Relative Dating of Earth? | Determining the order of past events, but NOT exact dates. |
| What is Absolute Dating of Earth? | Finding the approximate age of a rock using the RADIOACTIVE atoms inside it. |
| What is Radioactive Dating? | Certain elements like Carbon-14 and Uranium decay (break down) at certain rates. Scientists know how long certain atoms take to decay. They compare the number of atoms left to the beginning amount to calculate its age. |
| What evidence do we have that Earth has evolved? | The Earth’s surface has been slowly but constantly changing. Earth used to be covered by a supercontinent named Pangea. Evidence: Rock with the same composition and the same age can be found on different continents today. |
| What is faulting? | The breaking of rock layers by transforming fault lines. |
| What is folding? | The bending of rock layers due to excessive pressure. |
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