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Capaldo Bio101 Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Release of energy by the breakdown of sugar in the presence of oxygen | oxidation |
| An identical pair of ________ make up a chromosome | chromatid |
| Center point of chromosome | cetrmomere |
| 2 disk shaped structures lcoated at the center of the centromere which attach to spindle fibers during cell division | kinetichores |
| Terminal tips of chromosomes - contain repeats of simple sequence DNA | telomeres |
| Process in which water is broken down to create ATP and coenzyme NADPH | Light Dependent Stage |
| Process in which ATP donates energy and the NADPH provides electrons and hydrogen atoms to sites where CO2 is assembled into glucose | Dark Reaction |
| Division of cell into 2 daughter cells with each cell having the same # chromosomes as starting cell | mitosis |
| Division of cell into 4 daughter cells wich each cell having the haploind number of chromosomes | Meiosis |
| Crossing over happens in _____ | Meiosis 1 |
| "True Cells" - seen in animal and plant cells, posess true nucelous with linear chromosomes and membrane bound cell organelles | Eukaryotes |
| Outer boundry of cell. Structurly a bilayer composed of lipids and proteins. | Plasma Membrane |
| Passive movement of water through a semipermeable membrane to achieve equillibrium. | Osmosis |
| 1st step (anaerobic) when mitochondria convernt glucose into energy -- most like fermentation. | Glycosis |
| "Primitive Cells" - bacteria and bluegreen algae, lack a true nucelous and cell organelles. | Prokaryotes |
| Coined the term "cell" | Robert Hooke |
| Organic Compounds composed of 5C sugar, at least 1 phosphate group, and 1 of 5 nitrogen bases. | Nucelotides |
| There are 20 of these - they are the building blocks for proteins. | Amino Acids |
| Constructed form 20 kinds of amino acides, everything in the body is made up of this. | Protein |
| Formation of Proteins -- amino group from one amino acid covalently bonds with acid group from another amino acid. | Peptide Bonding |
| _____ is a lipid | Cholesterol |
| Oily to the touch, consist of glycerol attached 1-3 fatty acids. | Lipids |
| Complex Sugars - long chains of many sugar monomers which can be straight or branched. Ex. cellulose, starch, glycogen. | Polysaccharides |
| Short chaines of monosaccharides - many consist of 2 sugar monomers, ex. lactose, sucrose, and maltose. | oligosaccharides |
| Single Sugars - glucose. | Monosaccharides |
| Most abumdent biological molecule, most consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. | Carbohydrates |
| Building blocks of life. Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucelic Acids. | Organic Mollecules |
| Died of yellow fever | Lazear |
| Local Cuban Dr. who believed yellow fever was transmitted through misquitos | Carlos Finlay |
| Cell Divides intno 2 | Cytokensis |
| Cytoskeleton | Microfilaments |
| Consists of 2 protein subunits wrapped around eachother to form hollow tubes. | Microtubules |
| Oval or disk shaped, involved with photosynthesis and contain their own DNA | Chloroplasts |
| Powers all living cells | ATP |
| Sausage shaped, found in cytoplasm, contain their own DNA and make cell's energy | Mitochondria |
| *Only in animal cells - Resemble paired cylinders, involved in cell division | Centrioles |
| Only form prior to and during cell division - tightly coiled strand of DNA which is wrapped around proteins called histones. | Chromosomes |
| Watery liquid containing nucelic acids, phosphate, and sugars | Nucleoplasm |
| 2nd stage of photosynthesis, anaerobic | Kreb's Cycle |
| Special locomoter organs along the plasma membrane, contain microtubules | Cilia |
| Produced when plasma membrane swells out and surrounds a food particle or other smaller cell | Food Vacuole |
| Digestive Vacuole | Lyosome |
| Containers within cytoplasm | Vacuoles |
| Special type of ER - recieves proteins and packages them in vacuoles. | Golgi |
| No Robosomes - more tubular. Site of lipid synthesis. | Smooth ER |
| Covered with ribosomes - site of protein synthesis | Rough ER |
| Maze-like system of passages extending from the plasma membrane to nucelous - speeds momvements of materials from cytoplasm to nucleous. | ER Network |
| 3D Quality | Scanning Electron Microscope (SEC) |
| Allows magnification of >50,000. Uses a stream of electrons focused through a series of magnets. | Electon Microscopy |
| Area of cell from plasma membrane to nucelous - place where most functions occur. | Cytoplasm |
| Binds to extra cellular substances | Receptor Proteins |
| Identify Cells as "self" | Recognition Proteins |
| Cements cells together in tissues | Adhesion Proteins |
| Large particles are engulfed | Endocytosis |
| Movement of larger molecules which are attached to a transport protein imbedded in plasma - PASSIVE | Facilitated Transport |
| Movement of small molecules through membrane against the gradient utilizing membrane pumps - ACTIVE | Active Transport |
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arollins07
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