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Chapter 9 cells
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Cells | The basic unit of structure and function in living things |
Microscope | An instrument used to make small objects look larger. |
Cell theory | A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things. |
Compound Microscope | Focuses light through lenses to produce a magnified image, using two lenses. |
Electron Microscope | Using beams of electrons to produce a magnified image. |
Magnification | The condition of things appearing larger then they are, using convex lenses (center is thicker than the edges) |
Resolution | The ability to see to details more clearly, the higher the resolution the sharper the image. |
Multicellular | Made of many cells |
Unicellular | Made of only ONE cell |
Specialized cells | Cells that are designed to do specific jobs that help the entire organism function. |
Cells make tissues | tissues make organs, organs make organ systems, organ systems make an organism. |
Elements | any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. |
Compounds | when 2 or more elements chemically combine. |
Organic compounds | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Organic compounds must contain carbon. |
Inorganic compounds | water. Inorganic compounds DO NOT contain carbon. |
Carbohydrates | energy rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Items that have sugar and starches would be carbohydrates. Examples: potatoes, pasta, rice, and bread. |
Lipids | Fats, oils, and waxes. Examples: whole milk, ice cream, and fried foods. |
Proteins | large organic molecules made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. Examples: meat, dairy, fish, nuts, beans. |
Enzymes | a group of proteins that helps speed up chemical reactions in living things. |
Nucleic Acids | Long organic compounds made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Nucleic acids contain the instructions that carry out all the functions of life. |
DNA | The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. Double Helix: Shape of the DNA molecule |
Water in cells | A. Water B. Water helps cells keep C. Water helps cells maintain their D. Water helps cells carry substances in and out of |
Passive Transport | When materials go in and out of the cell WITHOUT using energy. |
Diffusion | The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
Osmosis | The movement of WATER molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. |
Selectively permeable | means some substances can cross the membrane while others cannot. |
Active transport | When materials go in and out of the cell using energy. |
Endocytosis | The cell changes shape and engulfs the particle. |
Exocytosis | The reverse process, which allows large particles to exit the cell. |
Characteristics of Living Things | RULE #1 Must be made of Cells RULE # 2 Must be organized RULE # 3 Types of organisms RULE # 4 Homeostasis RULE # 5 Growth and Development RULE # 6 Reproduction |