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Ch 9 Cells
cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cells | The basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| Microscope: | An instrument used to make small objects look larger. |
| Cell theory: A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things. | A. All living things are composed of cells B. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things C. All cells are produced from other cells |
| 2 types of Microscopes: | A. Compound Microscope: Focuses light through lenses to produce a magnified image, using two lenses. |
| Magnification | The condition of things appearing larger then they are, using convex lenses (center is thicker than the edges) |
| Resolution | The ability to see to details more clearly, the higher the resolution the sharper the image. |
| 2 types of Microscopes: | B. Electron Microscope: Using beams of electrons to produce a magnified image. |
| A. | Multicellular: Made of many cells |
| B. | Unicellular: Made of only ONE cell |
| C. | Specialized cells: Cells that are designed to do specific jobs that help the entire organism function. |
| D. | Cells make tissues, tissues make organs, organs make organ systems, organ systems make an organism. |
| Passive Transport | When materials go in and out of the cell WITHOUT using energy. |
| Diffusion | The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
| Osmosis | The movement of WATER molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. |
| Selectively permeable | means some substances can cross the membrane while others cannot. |
| Active transport | When materials go in and out of the cell using energy. |
| Endocytosis | The cell changes shape and engulfs the particle. |
| Exocytosis | The reverse process, which allows large particles to exit the cell. |
| Elements | any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. |
| Characteristics of Living Things | RULE #1 Must be made of Cells RULE # 2 Must be organized: Organization – cells specialize to perform specific functions. Levels: cells make tissue, tissue makes organs, organs make organ systems, organ systems make organisms. RULE # 3 Types of organism |
| Compounds | when 2 or more elements chemically combine |
| Organic compound | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Organic compounds must contain carbon |
| Inorganic compounds | water. Inorganic compounds DO NOT contain carbon |
| Carbohydrates | energy rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Items that have sugar and starches would be carbohydrates. Examples: potatoes, pasta, rice, and bread. |
| Lipids | Fats, oils, and waxes. Examples: whole milk, ice cream, and fried foods |
| Proteins | large organic molecules made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. Examples: meat, dairy, fish, nuts, beans |
| Enzymes | a group of proteins that helps speed up chemical reactions in living things. |
| Nucleic Acids | Long organic compounds made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Nucleic acids contain the instructions that carry out all the functions of life. |
| DNA | The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. Double Helix: Shape of the DNA molecule |
| Water in cells | A. Water is needed for most chemical reactions in cells B. Water helps cells keep their shape. C. Water helps cells maintain their temperature D. Water helps cells carry substances in and out of them |
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