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Microbio chapter 3
Microbiology chpater 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ocular lens | re-magnifies the image formed by the objective lens |
| body tube | transmits the image from the objective lens to the ocular lens |
| objective lens | primary lenses that magnify the specimen |
| stage | holds the microscope slides in position |
| condenser | focuses light through the specimen |
| diaphragm | controls the amount of light entering the condenser |
| illumination | light source |
| total magnification | multiplying the objective lens magnification by the ocular lens Ocular len=10x |
| bright field | compound light-- bright background. enhanced by stains, oil, and a diaphragm and lights. Advantages-inexpensive easy to use. Uses- live specimens(unstained), stained specimen, bacteria, and protozoa |
| dark field | compound light-- dark background, clear microbes. Advantages-easier to see, unstained, smaller microbes. uses- live microbes:syphilis |
| Fluorescent | compound light--dark background & bright fluorescing microbes. Advantages-rapid ID directly from specimen w/o culture (detects small microbes) uses-immediate diagnosis (TB, Rabies, Syphilis, Anthrax) |
| electron-transmission | enhanced by-stain with salt of heavy metal. advantages- high mag(100,000x)&resolution(2.5 nm) Disadvantage-need thin slice so e-can penetrate. uses-virus particles, bacterial flagella, internal cell structures, protein molecules |
| electron-scanning | advantages-3D. uses- surfaces structures eukaryote to viruses |
| acidic dye | negative stain: stains background, for cell shape and size to detect capsules. advantages-less distortion (no heat fixing & stain doesn't enter) ex. nigrosin |
| micrometer (um) | 10^-6m or 1/1000000 or .000001 |
| nanometer (nm) | 10^-9 |
| basic dye | positive stain: (ion of a salt) attracted to the (-)cell, stains cell, ex. crystal violet, methylene blue, safranin, malachite green |
| simple stain | one basic dye, all microbes the same color, only for morphology (size,shape,and arrangement) |
| differential stain | >or= 2 stains to distinguish groups of bacteria ex. gram stain, acid fast stain |
| gram stain | differential-- GP=purple, usually susceptible to penicillin. GN=red, usually resistant to penicillin |
| capsule | gel like covering on outside of bacteria |
| endospore | resistant, dormant, resting structure to protect microbe from adverse conditions. |
| acid-fast stain | AF+ is red due to wax in the cell wall. AF- is blue. Used to ID micro bacterium species (tb) |
| flagella stain | # and arrangement used to ID bacteria |
| axial filaments | corkscrew movement |
| fimbrae | adherence |
| pili | transfer DNA "sex pili" |
| glycocalyx | polymer- increases virulence:evades phagosytosis, adherence,dehydration, and protection |
| lysozome | digestive enzyme |
| hypotonic | low% solute, water goes in cell |
| hypertonic | high% solute water goes out of cell (plasmolysis |
| inclusions | reserve deposits, prevents internal increase in osmotic pressure |
| prokaryotes | unicellular, bacteria, archea no nucleus |
| eukaryote | larger, nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Fungi: cell walls-chitin, absorb nutrients, mycology |
| mycology | the study of bacteria |
Created by:
Kinbee23
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