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uw madison bio 152
exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The move to land provided plants with what 3 opportunities? | 1. more direct sunlight and thus more readily available energy 2. more direct contact with essential gasses such as CO2 and O2 3. more raw material access via ground soil |
| The move to land posed plants with what 4 challenges? | 1. UV rays 2. lack of immediate water source for hydration and structural support 3. nutrients locked away in the soil 4. unstable environment |
| The laminaria life cycle is dominant in what generation? | sporophyte (2n) |
| What does the waxy cuticle provide? | A land adaptation that prevents water loss and regulates transpiration. |
| What are the 5 derived traits of embryophytes? | 1. Alternation of generations 2. Walled spores produced in sporangia 3. Multicellular gametangia 4. Multicellular, dependent embryos 5. Growth using apical meristems |
| Bryophytes have what adaptations for terrestrial life? | 1. Waxy cuticle 2. Stomata |
| Bryophytes lack what 6 adaptations for terrestrial life that other embryphytes have? | 1. Vasculature 2. Support (e.g. wood) 3. Root water and nutrient uptake systems 4. Seeds 5. Pollen |
| The bryophytes are the only group of ___ plants. | Nonvascular |
| The bryophyte's lack of a vascular system leads to what two qualities about of bryophyte? | Small size and uptake of nutrients via diffusion |
| (T/F) Seedless vascular plants create seeds and pollen for reproduction. | False: seedless vascular plants create neither, instead they reproduce via airborne spores produced in sporangia. |
| Seedless vascular plant spores are released and spread by... | Wind |
| What is pollen (gymnosperms)? | Packaged and moible male gametophytes reduced to two cells made from microspores in male cones. |
| Sporangia generate what 2 kinds of spores? | 1. Megaspores: produce female gametophyte (egg) 2. Microspores: produce male gametophyte (sperm) |
| (T/F) Gymnosperms have ovaries | False: only angiosperms have ovaries |
| What is a sepal? | Green structures that resemble leaves that enclose the flower when it is still a bud and protect the delicate internal structures. |
| What is the carpel? | Female reproductive structure; contains ovary, style, stigma |
| What is the stigma? | The pollen grains' target destination for fertilization |
| (T/F) In angiosperms, a sperm's entire existence plays out within the carpel. | True |
| In angiosperms, entire female gametophyte has _ haploid nuclei. | 8 (2^3=8) |
| What is the micropyle? | Inside an ovule where the integument opens; pollen tube will enter and have access to the embryo sac |
| The angiosperm's gametophyte generation can be described as... | A few cells |
| What is a cotyledon? | Seed leaves; first seed-like structures that emerge when the seed germinates. |
| What is the cortex? | Ground tissue that occurs external to the vascular system. |
| What is the pith? | Ground tissue that occurs internal to the vascular system. |
| Paranchyma cells | Least specialized cells; multipurpose; flexible cell walls |
| Collenchyma cells | Cells specialized for physical support; thicker cell wallsc |
| Sclerenchyma cells | Dead at maturity; structural support; lignin |
| Vessel element | In the xylem; cylinder-shaped cells where liquid can easily pass through the column |
| Tracheid | Long, tube-like cells in the xylem w/ pores where water can pass through; only in gymnosperms |
Created by:
quinncloud
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