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Exam 2 Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the four major components of the human diet, | Carbs= energy source grains, fruits, veggies 80% Protein= amino acids 12% of diet meat, fish,beans, and dairy Fats= lipids, energy 8% Vitamins/Minerals - fruits, veggies, meat |
| Compare and contrast the diet of developed countries and poor individuals in developing countries. | Wealthy people eat lots of grains, meat, and fish high in calories, fats and proteins Poor people Heavy on grains little meat or fish low on protein, vitamins/minerals meat available just expensive |
| Define “food security”, | The guarantee of a adequate safe, nutrias, and reliable food supply for all people |
| What type of malnutrition causes thinness and nutrional oedema? | Acute malnutrition |
| What type of malnutrition causes shortness and poor cognitive development? | Chronic Malnutrition stunting |
| What do acute and chronic malnutrition have in common ? | Underweight |
| What vitamin is someone with micronutrient malnutrition responsible for ? | Vitamin A deficiency, Iron deficiency, Iodine deficiency, |
| Describe how food production and food transportation affect the availability of food in different nations | If population increases and food population decreases food security is questioned. |
| Describe how food production and food transportation affect the diet of people in different nations | Many countries rely on food imports this situation is managable unless the nation becomes poor off transportation is interrupted. |
| Explain why we currently produce enough food to capably feed the world, yet malnutrition still exists in the modern world. | Poverty is the number one cause of malnutrition in developing countries. Often times, families living in poverty lack access to fresh fruits and vegetables. |
| Provide the “equation” for famine | Natural disaster + conflict= famine |
| Describe the Ethiopian famine of the early-mid 1980’s and the prognosis for the future in regards to famine. | - happened in 1989 poor roads stopped food from being transported - recurring drought, failed harvests, food scarcity, conflict that kept aid from reaching people in occupied territory, and government policies that relocated ppl. |
| Describe the history of agriculture, | Early agriculture : cultivated wild plants and human/animal labor Farming methods remained similar to industrial rev mechanization |
| Explain how topsoil is formed | It is formed from the weathering of rocks and the organic material from decaying plants and animals. |
| What factors make topsoil suitable for agriculture | contains a mixture of organic matter, minerals, and other essential elements that plants need to grow. - provides an excellent strucutre for storing water -the ability to make roots and drain excess water |
| Explain how human activities promote soil degradation and desertification | (over-cultivation, overgrazing, forest conversion), urbanization, vegetation removed by deforestation and overgrazing, vegetation removed from cropland during harvesting. and extreme weather events |
| What is overcultivation ? | the act or an instance of cultivating something excessively. especially : the act or practice of cultivating land to an excessive degree in the growing of crops so that soil quality is degraded and productivity is reduced. |
| describe approaches for reducing soil degradation from these factors. | -maintaining soil structure avoid tilling or compaction - protect soil from wild and fast moving water - no till planting - seeds placed in shallow furrows minimizing topsoil disturbance. |
| Describe how intensive agriculture accomplishes irrigation and fertilization, and the environmental impacts associated with watering and fertilizing crops. | Excessive irrigation can affect water quality by causing erosion, transporting nutrients, pesticides, and heavy metals, or decreasing the amount of water that flows naturally in streams and rivers. |
| Explain why intensive agriculture requires heavy pesticide use | Pesticides are used in agriculture to control weeds, insect infestation and diseases. Farmers rely on a mix of synthetic and natural pesticides to kill organisms, such as insects and rodents, that damage crops and hinder yields. |
| What's the process of biomagnification. | Biomagnification is the method of accruing toxic elements by different organisms within a food chain ex: mercury in fish |
| describe pesticide resistance | Resistance can develop when the same pesticide or similar ones with the same mode of action are used over and over again. It often is thought that pests change or mutate to become resistant. |
| What are the health impacts of pesticides on humans and animals, | Some pesticides act as endocrine disruptors and have been shown to cause serious harm to animals, including cancer, sterility and developmental problems. |
| What does higher yields in agriculture mean ? | High yields mean more than higher profits in any given crop year. |
| What's the difference between stunting and wasting? | Stunting results from chronic undernutrition, which stops linear growth, whereas wasting results from inadequate nutrition over a shorter period, |
| What is topsoil? | Topsoil is the very top layer of soil. Topsoil is dense with minerals and organic matter, which gives it a much darker color than other gardening soils. |
| What's the purpose of topsoil? | The topsoil layer is where nutrients are delivered to plants, water is absorbed, sunlight helps to aid the growing process, and wildlife and microorganisms interact with the plant in various ways |
| What is irrigation? | Irrigation is the process of applying water to the crops artificially to fulfil their water requirements. The various sources of water for irrigation are wells, ponds, lakes, canals, tube-wells and even dams. |
| What is surface irrigation? | Surface irrigation is the most commonly used type of irrigation. It draws water from a higher area of land to the fields. The slopes need to be steep enough to allow the water to flow, not too steep as to flood the field. |
| What is localized irrigation? | Localized irrigation Water is distributed under low pressure, through a piped network and applied to each plant. |
| What is sprinkler irrigation? | Sprinkler irrigation uses a series of pipes to move water from the source to specially designed spray heads. The water must be pumped through the pipes to gain the right pressure, expensive/ consumes alot of energy |
| What is subsurface irrigation? | Subsurface irrigation uses a series of pipes to water the crops under the surface of the soil. This allows more effective hydration of the plant roots. expensive and soil can get damaged |
| What is drip irrigation? | Drip irrigation works in a similar way to the subsurface system, but the pipes are located on the surface of the soil. The pipes are only designed to water the plants immediately near them, so they are best suited to rows of crops. |
| What is subsoil? | Subsoil is less fertile but important for drainage and for creating a nice firm surface that we can build on. |
Created by:
Selahh
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