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GIS Exam 1

TermDefinition
four functions of GIS 1. input 2. manage 3. analyze 4. output
foundations of mapping era 800 BC-1300 AD, latitude and longitude were created
Mapping for exploration and colonization era 1300-1960, Mercator projection,
computer mapping era 1960-2005, first GIS mapping. Survey markers helped create more accurate longitude and latitude
Decentralized Mapping era 2005-today, accessible maps to everyone, street view
5 design principles 1. Visual Contrast 2. Legibility 3. Figure-ground organization 4. Balance 5. Visual Hierarchy (Hierarchical Organization)
Dent’s hierarchy 1. Thematic symbolization (the main stuff on your map) 2. Crucial map elements (title, legend, labels) 3. Base map data (political boundaries, features, land/water boundaries) 4. Other map elements (credits, north arrow, scale, etc.)
Level of measurement 1. nominal 2. ordinal 3. numerical
Nominal categories without an order
Ordinal categories with an order
Numerical count number of something
Numerical standardized take the count of something then divide it by something else
Visual variables position size shape value color orientation texture
Associative shape triangles as mountains, rectangles as buildings (not exactly a picture of something but you are able to figure out what it is
color hue the actual color
color value the shade or lightness
diverging color schemes use hue and value; show positive and negative change
Created by: smitybear
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