Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio Chapter 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what types of genes within genetic mutations can cause cancer to develop? | Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes |
| The best description of mitosis is the type of cell division that separates chromosomes and produces _ _ _ with ______ nuclei. | two daughter cells, identical |
| the time between cell divisions in which DNA replication, basic cellular activities, and cell growth take place is called _________ | Interphase |
| A single molecule of DNA and its associated proteins is called a(n) | Chromosome |
| Place the phases of mitosis in the order that they occur, beginning with the first phase at the top. | 1. prophase 2. prometaphase 3. metaphase 4. anaphase 5. telophase |
| What occurs during prophase? | -centrosomes migrate to opposite poles. - chromosomes condense - mitotic spindle begins to form |
| Cancer cells are characterized by: | uncontrolled cell division |
| What must occur before DNA polymerase can synthesize new DNA? | -the double-stranded DNA is unwounded -an RNA primer is added |
| The _________ is a small section of a replicated chromosome that attaches sister chromatids to each other. | Centromere |
| A stretch of DNA wrapped around proteins; become tightly arrayed during chromatin condensation. | Nucleosome |
| In many types of cancer, mutations have converted photo-oncogenes to _____________ or have inactivated other genes called _____________ genes. | oncogenes; tumor supressor |
| _______ are proteins around which DNA winds. | Histones |
| a ______ is a replicated copy of a chromosome. | Chromatid |
| What are some are components of chromatin? | -proteins for transcription -proteins for replication -DNA -proteins for scaffolding |
| What checkpoint monitors the cell's supply of DNA nucleotides during DNA replication? | "S" checkpoint |
| After eukaryotic DNA replication, what happens to the nucleosomes in chromatins? | they fold and wind into a compact form. |
| In order for cancer to form, usually _________ of a tumor suppressor gene must be mutated. | both copies |
| Which of the following that describe the products of one cell undergoing mitotic cell division? | -2 daughter cells -organelles distributed to daughter cells |
| During pro metaphase, spindle fibers attach to proteins called _________ that assemble at each centromere of a chromosome. | kinotochores |
| Select all of the processes that are due to mitotic cell division. | - repair after injury -growth of a zygote into a multicellular adult -replacement of lost cells |
| What phases that occur within interphase of the cell cycle? | -S -G0 -G1 -G2 |
| The contractile ring of protein filaments at the tip of this arrow forms an indentation called the _________ furrow, which helps divide the cytoplasm of an animal cell in a process called ______________. | cleavage; cytokinesis |
| The cell cycle has internal _____________ that do not let the cell proceed to the next stage of the cell cycle until the previous stage is complete. | Checkpoints |
| In ____________, the mitotic spindle disassembles and division of the genetic material is complete, but the cell cytoplasm has not yet divided. | Telophase |
| The last cell cycle checkpoint prior to the initiation of mitosis is called the ________ checkpoint. | G2 |
| Select all of the following that are true about growth factors triggering cell division. | -growth factors bind receptors on the cell membrane. -in response to a signal, a cascade of chemical reactions inside the cell initiates cell division. -a growth factor stimulates the production of new skin cells at a wound site. |
| _________ ____________: block the recruitment of blood vessels by a tumor. | angiogenesis inhibitors |
| During the _______ phase of interphase, DNA replication occurs. | S |
| What enzyme has proofreading and repair functions during DNA replication? | DNA polymerase |
| Select all of the reasons that cells need to control their rate of division. | -uncontrolled cell division can lead to abnormal growth -too little cell growth will not allow injuries to be repaired. |
| Select the true statements that describe cancer cells compared to normal cells. | - cancer cells may have multiple nuclei. -cancer cells are less specialized than normal cells. |
| The nuclear envelope breaks down during what phase of mitosis? | prometaphase |
| The enzyme called DNA __________ adds new complementary DNA nucleotides to a single-stranded DNA template. | Polymerase |
| _________ is a specialized type of cell division that produces cells that are genetically different from each other. | Meiosis |
| Select all of the following that are true about photo-oncogenes. | -when they are overactive because of mutation, the cell cycle may become accelerated. - they encode proteins that stimulate cell division. |
| Select all of the following that are true with respect to the G1 checkpoint. | - it promotes the expression of DNA damage repair enzymes -it screens for DNA damage - it can promote apoptosis if the DNA damage is too severe. |
| Proteins called _________ are chemical signals that bind to receptors on a cell membrane and trigger cell division. | Growth factors |
| Adults produce haploid _________ through the process of ________. | gametes, meiosis |
| Arrange the terms on the left in order from largest to smallest in a eukaryotic organism. chromatid, nucleosome, nucleotide, replicated chromosome, cell, histone | cell, replicated chromosome, chromatid, nucleosome, histone, nucleotide; |
| Centromeres split during what phase of mitosis? | Anaphase |
| DNA replication initiates at specific points, called ______, where the DNA double helix is unwound. | Origins |
| This enzyme forms covalent bonds between adjacent DNA segments. | DNA ligases |
| This strand is synthesized during DNA replication. | Daughter Strand |
| True or False: The component of DNA nucleotides that varies to produce organisms DNA is deoxyribose | False |
| ____ __________ is the process by which DNA is reproduced with the use of associated enzymes | DNA replication |
| What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? | Nucleotides |
| What is the enzyme that builds a short complementary strand piece of RNA? | Primase |
| How many chromosomes are in the human heart? | 46 chromosomes |
| Why does a replication form have a leading and lagging strand? | Replication can only occur in a 5' to 3' direction |
| What is the role of telomerase? | allows for telomere length and equilibrium by adding on repeats to the end of the chromosome |
| In eukaryotic cells, if you compared the DNA sequence of a gene with the sequence of the processed mRNA that was transcribed from the gene, you would find that ____ ______ ___________ | the mRNA is shorter because it does not contain introns |
Created by:
Sydboyer15
Popular Biology sets