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Nat 5 Biology 2.2
Control and Communication
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The nervous system is comprised of... | The CNS and other nerves |
| The central nervous system (CNS) consists of... | The brain and the spinal cord |
| List 3 parts of the brain. | Cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla |
| What does the cerebrum control | Conscious thought, intelligence, language, memory, personality |
| What does the cerebellum control | Balance and co-ordination |
| What does the medulla control | Unconscious control of body temp, heart and breathing rate, etc. |
| Name the 3 types of neuron | Sensory, inter and motor |
| State the function of a neuron. | Transmits electrical impulses (in one direction) |
| Name the type of neuron that carries impulses to the central nervous system. | Sensory neuron |
| Name the type of neuron that carries impulses away from the central nervous system. | Motor neuron |
| State the function of receptors. | Detect stimuli / sensory information |
| How is information carried along neurons? | Electrical impulses |
| What are synapses? | The gap between neurons. |
| How are messages transferred across synapses? | Chemical messengers |
| Name the parts of the body which respond to stimuli. | Effectors (muscles or glands) |
| What are reflex actions? | Involuntary, rapid, protective movements |
| Illustrate the reflex arc in a flowchart, showing all the components involved. | (Stimulus -->) Receptor --> Sensory neuron --> Inter neuron --> Motor neuron --> Effector (--> Response) |
| State the function of endocrine glands. | Release hormones into the bloodstream |
| What are hormones? | Chemical messengers which carry messages to target tissues |
| State one difference between the effects of hormones compared to the nervous system. | Hormonal effects are slower/last longer/released in blood |
| Describe what target tissues have on their cells to allow them to respond to a hormone. | Complementary receptors for a specific hormone |
| Blood glucose levels need to be... | Controlled within safe limits (not too high and not too low) |
| Insulin is released when… | Blood sugar rises above normal (glucose moves IN) |
| State an effect of insulin | Liver and muscle cells remove glucose from the blood (create glycogen) |
| Glucagon is released when… | When blood sugar falls lower than normal (GLUCose is GONE) |
| State an effect of glucagon | Liver and muscle cells release glucose into the blood (breakdown glycogen) |
| State the role of the pancreas | Endocrine gland which produces insulin and glucagon |
| Describe what happens if blood sugar rises | Insulin released. Glucose absorbed by muscle and liver cells, stored as glycogen. Blood sugar returns to normal. |
| Describe what happens if blood sugar falls | Glucagon released. Liver and muscle cells release glucose into blood from breaking down glycogen. Blood sugar returns to normal. |
| Name the hormone that decreases blood glucose level. | Insulin |
| Name the hormone that increases blood glucose level. | Glucagon |
| Name the organ the produces hormones to control blood glucose level. | Pancreas |
Created by:
MsKerrBiology
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