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Anticoagulants

Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets, and Thrombolytics

QuestionAnswer
What is "hemostasis"? The body's way of stopping itself from bleeding.
What is the first stage of hemostasis? Platelet aggregation or formation of the platelet plug.
How does platelet aggregation work? Individual platelets are too small to work independently at the site of a damaged blood vessel or injury, so they aggregate (AKA, clot) to "plug the hole".
What is the process of platelet aggregation? Platelets come in contact with collagen on a damaged blood vessel, adhere to the site of injury, and massive platelet aggregation occurs.
What does it mean for a platelet to be aggregated? An A.P. constitutes a plug that stops bleeding at a damaged blood vessel that must be reinforced with fibrin if protection is to last.
What is "fibrin"? A protein that reinforces the platelet plug and is produced during the coagulation cascade as a result of the conversion from fibrinogen.
Fibrin is the... Major component of a blood clot (AKA thrombus).
How many stages of hemostasis exist? 2; The platelet aggregation followed by coagulation.
How would the coagulation stage of hemostasis be described? The production of fibrin. This stage has 2 pathways.
Describe the two pathways of coagulation. 1.) Intrinsic (Contact Activation) Pathway: Turned on when blood makes contact with the exposed collagen as a result of trauma. 2.) Extrinsic (Tissue Factor) Pathway: Turned on by trauma to the vascular wall which triggers thromboplastin.
Which pathway catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin? Extrinsic (Tissue Factor) Pathway.
What drug is an example of the Intrinsic Pathway? Warfarin (Oral Anticoagulant).
What drug is an example of the Extrinsic Pathway? Heparin (IV Anticoagulant).
What are the functions of coagulation? 1.) Keeps hemostasis under control by converting plasminogen to plasmin. 2.) Synthesizes the physiological removal of blood clots.
Describe what "plasmin" is, and its function. It is an enzyme that degrades the fibrin meshwork of blood clots (AKA thrombi).
How does the process of converting plasminogen to plasmin work? The body must inactivate any clotting factors that stray from the site of the vessel injury and remove blood clots, doing so with the use of plasmin and antithrombins.
What is "antithrombin"? This is a plasma glycoprotein that inhibits the activity of clotting factors. An example of this is heparin.
What is the second half of the physiology of coagulation? Thrombosis.
Explain thrombosis. The formation of blood clots (AKA thrombi). They may be the result of damage to a blood vessel, inflammation, surgery, or injury.
What are the 2 "types" of thrombosis? 1.) Arterial thrombosis. 2.) Venous thrombosis.
How would you describe arterial thrombosis? Fatty plaques in the arteries of the heart that break, causing ischemic damage.
What is the first half of the physiology of coagulation? Hemostasis.
Created by: mayk47
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