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Ecosystems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biotic | a living thing, as an animal or plant, that influences or affects an ecosystem |
| Abiotic | a nonliving condition or thing, such as climate or habitat, that influences or affects an ecosystem and the organisms in it |
| Producers | an organism, as a plant, that is able to produce its own food from inorganic substances |
| Consumers | an organism, usually an animal, that feeds on plants or other animals |
| Decomposers | an organism, usually a bacterium or fungus, that breaks down the cells of dead plants and animals into simpler substances |
| Herbivore | animals that get their energy by only eating producers or plants |
| Carnivore | animals that get their energy by only eating other consumers |
| Omnivore | animals that get their energy by eating both producers (plants) and consumers (animals) |
| predator | animals that get their energy by eating both producers (plants) and consumers (animals) |
| prey | animals that get their energy by eating both producers (plants) and consumers (animals) |
| ecosystem | an ecological community comprised of biological, physical, and chemical components, considered as a unit |
| habitat | the environment where an organisms lives |
| organism | an individual living thing that carries on the activities of life by means of organs which have separate functions but are dependent on each other |
| population | a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area |
| community | an interacting group of various species in a common location |
| biosphere | the region on, above, and below the Earth's surface where life exists |
| scavenger | an organism that mostly consumes decaying biomass, such as meat or rotting plant material |
| niche | the role an organism plays in a community |
| food chain | the path of energy in an ecosystem |
| primary consumer | the first consumer in a food chain |
| secondary consumer | the second consumer in a food chain |
| tertiary consumer | the third consumer in a food chain |
| autotroph | another name for producer |
| heterotroph | another name for consumer |
| terrestrial ecosystem | a land-based community of organisms and the interactions of biotic and abiotic components in a given area |
| aquatic ecosystem | an ecosystem found in and around a body of water |
| food web | consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem |
| energy pyramid | a graphical representation of the energy found within the trophic levels of an ecosystem |
| competition | the direct or indirect interaction of organisms that leads to a change in fitness when the organisms share the same resource |
| natural resources | materials from the Earth that are used to support life and meet people's needs |
| estuary | a partially enclosed, coastal water body where freshwater from rivers and streams mixes with salt water from the ocean |
| brackish | water that is more saline than freshwater but less saline than true marine environments |
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