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Anatomy Final
Anatomy Final Questions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Median/Vertical Plane | Body into Right and Left Sides |
| Lateral | side |
| Supine | Laying on back with palms down |
| K+ | Potassium |
| Na+ | Sodium |
| Ca+ | Calcium |
| Function of Epiglottis | Protects ability to breathe by protecting larynx. Keeps food and liquid from getting into respiratory system. |
| What 4 components make up blood? | Plasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), platelets |
| Gallbladder Function | Stores bile Produced by liver |
| Gallbladder location | Right side under the liver. Upper Right Quadrant |
| Pyloris Function | Allows partially digested food and other contents to pass from stomach to small intestine |
| Pyloris Location | Part of stomach that connects to duodenum (first part of the small intestine) |
| Appendix Function | Stores good bacteria |
| Appendix Location | Sticks out from the colon. Lower Right Quadrant. |
| Colon Function | Largest part of large intestine. Absorbs water, and nutrients and passes waste to the rectum. |
| Colon Location | Below the Stomach. Left lower Quadrant |
| What are the 4 Valves of the heart? | Tricuspid valve: located between the right atrium and the right ventricle pulmonary valve: located between the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery. |
| What are the four valves of the heart? Continued | Mitral valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. Aortic valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta. |
| Coronal Plane | Divides the body into front (anterior) section and back( posterior) section |
| The transverse plane | Divides body into upper (superior) section and lower( inferior) section |
| Sagittal plane | Divides the body into left and right section |
| Prone position | Laying face down palms up |
| Superior meaning | Above |
| Inferior meaning | Below |
| Anterior | In front |
| Posterior | Back |
| Medial | Middle |
| Proximal | Near or close from the point of attachment |
| Distal | Away or far from the point of attachment |
| Dorsal | Back or upper side |
| Ventral | Front or lower side |
| Epicardium | Outer layer that contains blood vessels |
| Myocardium | Middle layer that is composed of contractile, tissues |
| Endocardium | Inner layer, and composes the valves. Contains vessels and nerves. |
| Pharynx | Gag reflex |
| Large intestine | Recycles water and gets ready for defecation |
| Liver | Most important processing plant. Largest gland in the body. |
| Tendons | Connect muscle to bone |
| Joints | Where to bones connect. Give the skeleton mobility. |
| Support bones | Form the internal framework that support the body and cradle its organs |
| Three parts of axial skeleton | Skull, vertebral column, bony thorax |
| Generates heat | Muscle |
| Abduction | moving the limb away from the midline of the body |
| Adduction | Moving the limb toward the midline of the body |
| Circumduction | A combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction |
| Lower limb muscles | Cause movement at the hip knee and foot joints. Largest and strongest muscle in the body, specialize for walking and balancing body. |
| Sensory neurons | Collect information |
| Motor neurons | Carry impulses from the brain to the muscles |
| Myelin | Nerve fat |
| White matter | Has myelin |
| Grey Matter | No myelin |
| Hypothalamus | Related to limbic system regulated to emotional responses |
| Medulla oblongata | Most inferior part of the brainstem controls, heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing and vomiting |
| Pons | Rounded structure below the midbrain has important nuclei involved in control of breathing |
| Cerebellum | Visual and equilibrium |
| Dura mater | Outer layer |
| Pia Mater | Inner layer |
| Arachnoid Mater | Middle layer |
| Cerebrospinal fluid | Cushion and protect |
| Fat-soluble substances | If bound to fat can enter the brain |
| Sympathetic | Fight or flight. Pounding heart, rapid, deep breathing, cold, sweaty skin dilated pupils. |
| Parasympathetic | Rest and digest, immune function and reproduction. Eye pupils are constricted. |
| Function of respiratory system | Deliver oxygen to the lungs and remove carbon dioxide from the lungs |
| Alveoli sacs | Looks like a cluster of grapes. Oxygen exchanges here. |
| Diaphragm | Tiny sheet of muscle that lies across the bottom of the chest cavity |
| Supporting cells | Cells clumped together Neuroglia |
| Neurons | Transmit messages from one part of the body to another. Electrical and chemical reaction. Nerves don’t touch. Travels only in one direction. Information comes from dendrites. |
| Central nervous system CNS | Consist of the brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral nervous system PNS | Outside of the CNS consists, mainly of nerves that extend from the brain and the spinal cord |
| Skin integrity | Cheek, skin intact |
| Turgor | Skin flexibility |
| Skin | The outer dead layer of skin is known as the epidermidis |
| Saliva | Contains many chemicals that break down bacteria |
| Phagocytes | Eat invaders |
| Viruses | Cause replication |
| T cells | Killer cells |
| Inflammatory response | First step of healing |
| Innate | Natural immunity |
| Adaptive (acquired) immunity | Internal environment |
| Antigen | Body will attack it |
| B-lymphocyte | Memory cells. remember what is bad |
| Veins | Take blood to the heart |
| Arteries | Take blood away from the heart |
| Cyanosis | Blue or looks blue |
| S/A node | Controls everything |
| A/V node | Second if SA fails |
| Purkinje Fibers | Third if SA and AV nodes fail. |
| Capillaries | Where arteries and veins meet. Walls are thin. |
| Subjective data | Been told |
| Objective data | Can see |
| Systole | Phase of contraction, blood pressure top number |
| Diastole | Phase of relaxation blood pressure bottom number |
| Systemic circulation | Circulates through the whole body |
| Pulmonary circulation | Circulates through lungs |
| Hemostasis | Everything in balance |
| Blood clotting | Platelets and fibrin involved |
| Universal Donor | O- |
| Universal recipient | AB+ |
| RH Factor | Positive can receive positive and negative Blood |
| Heart Flow | Right to lungs left to body |
| Cardiac cycle | A complete heartbeat atria contracts while ventricles relax. Ventricles contract while atria relaxes. |
| Cells | A cell is a smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism |
| Tissue | Cells make up tissue |
| Organs | Contain tissue |
| Requirements for human life | Oxygen, nutrients, regulated, temperature, control, atmospheric pressure |
| Negative feedback | Hormones, body makes it |
| Bladder | Muscular and hollow space and it stretches collects urine from both ureters |
| Female urethra | Shorter |
| Male urethra | Longer |
| Efferent | Going away |
| Afferent | Going to |
| Renin, Angiotensin, Aldosterone | Control blood pressure. Produced by the kidneys. |
| Kidneys principle functions | Filtration, reabsorption and secretion |
| Nephron | The functional unit of the kidney |
| Epidermidis | The outer layer |
| Keratinocyte | Dead skin cells |
| Dermis | Contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands |
| Hypodermis | Consists of loose, connective tissue and adipose tissue functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning |
| Pigmentation of the skin | Melanin |
Created by:
Crystalcc
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