Question 1

Mutation creates slightly different versions of the same genes, called ______.

Accepted Answer

alleles

Question 2

If a template strand of DNA is:
3' T A G C A T 5'
What will the strand of RNA made during transcription be?

Accepted Answer

5' AUCGUA 3'

Question 3

During translation, tRNA transfer ____ to build a protein.

Accepted Answer

Amino Acids

Question 4

Which protein/enzyme is responsible for making RNA using a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

RNA Polymerase

Question 5

In a frameshift mutation, all of the amino acids before the shift are changed. (True or False)

Accepted Answer

False

Question 6

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter to start transcription. (True or False)

Accepted Answer

True

Question 7

This gene sequence undergoes ____________ (i.e., is copied) into ____________ by RNA polymerase and other proteins. This occurs in the ____________ of the cell.

Accepted Answer

transcription, ,nucleus

Question 8

Reading from 5' to 3', this RNA product has the sequence AUUGCGGCAAGCAGU . It binds to the small subunit of the ____________ . It is joined by the large subunit, completing the ____________ stage of the process of ____________ .

Accepted Answer

ribosome, elongation, translation

Question 9

Each mRNA 3-base sequence, called a ____________ , matches with a tRNA sequence called the ____________ . The tRNA also carries the specified ____________ , used as a building block for a protein.

Accepted Answer

codon, anticodon, amino acid,

Question 10

Select all the statements about nucleotides that are accurate.

Accepted Answer

-DNA always contains the same sugar in its nucleotides.
-They are composed of a sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and one or more phosphorus-containing groups.

Question 11

Select all of the following that are true about codons.

Accepted Answer

They are composed of three mRNA bases.
They correspond to one amino acid.

Question 12

In the Hershey and Chase experiment, ______ was found inside the infected bacteria, indicating that the labeled viral ______ had entered the bacterial cells to direct new virus production.

Accepted Answer

radioactive phosphorus; DNA

Question 13

In his experiments with S. pneumoniae bacteria and mice, Frederich Griffith found that

Accepted Answer

something in heat-killed S bacteria could transform type R bacteria.

Question 14

In an RNA molecule, a(n) ______ is a genetic "code word" that corresponds to one amino acid.

Accepted Answer

Codon

Question 15

Hershey and Chase showed that the part of a virus that could enter bacterial cells and cause the production of more viruses was

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 16

Select all of the correct statements regarding the results of Frederick Griffith's 1928 experiment involving Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Accepted Answer

Live S strains caused pneumonia in mice.
Heat-killed S strains mixed with live R strains caused pneumonia in mice.

Question 17

Subunits called ______ are the building blocks of nucleic acids, as determined by scientists by about 1930.

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides

Question 18

The promoter is a sequence on the ______ that signals the start of a gene.

Accepted Answer

Template stand

Question 19

In eukaryotes, a part of an mRNA molecule that is removed before translation is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

Intron

Question 20

In the Hershey and Chase experiment, radioactively-labeled sulfur was found in the ______ within one test tube, while radioactively-labeled phosphorus was found in the ______ within the other test tube, indicating that ______ was the genetic material.

Accepted Answer

fluid; bacterial cells; DNA

Question 21

At the beginning of transcription, RNA polymerase binds to a ________.

Accepted Answer

promoter

Question 22

In transcription, the genetic information in DNA is copied into a(n) ______ molecule, and in translation, the "message" in an mRNA molecule is translated into a(n) ______ sequence.

Accepted Answer

mRNA; amino acid

Question 23

On a tRNA molecule, the __________ is a three-base sequence that is complementary to and binds to an mRNA codon during translation.

Accepted Answer

anticodon

Question 24

Complete this sentence: If the nucleotides ATT were inserted into the template strand of a gene, then

Accepted Answer

the result protein will be shorter and nonfunctional

Question 25

Combines the proteins to form a ribosome

Accepted Answer

rRNA

Question 26

Carries amino acids to ribosomes and binds to codons

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 27

Its codons specify the order of amino acids in translation

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Question 28

Consider the types of mutations and the circumstances in which mutations arise to label the TRUE statements below. (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

-Mutagens and meiosis are two sources of mutation
-A single-base insertion is usually more harmful than a single-base substitution
-Mutations can be useful to the organism

Question 29

Arrange the following parts and processes of eukaryotic gene expression in chronological order

Accepted Answer

1. RNA polymerase binds to gene.
2. Transcription elongation occurs.
3. A complete mRNA strand detaches from RNA polymerase.
4. Introns are removed.
5. Translation occurs.
6. Functional protein is formed

Question 30

Transcription includes:

Accepted Answer

synthesis of RNA, Nucleotides are joined together, occurs in the nucleus, DNA is the template, requires RNA polymerase

Question 31

Translation Includes:

Accepted Answer

synthesis of polypeptides, amino acids are joined together, occurs on a ribosome, occurs after RNA processing

Question 32

What does Transcription and Translation both include?

Accepted Answer

required in order to produce proteins, occurs before protein folding takes place

Question 33

What is the DNA to protein sequence?

Accepted Answer

1. RNA polymerase uses DNA template to create complementary strand of mRNA
2. mRNA leaves nucleus
3. tRNA molecules transport amino acids to rib
4. Polypeptides are folded-form proteins
5. Proteins are brought to location- carry out their functions

Question 34

Hydrogen bonds connect _____________ DNA strands

Accepted Answer

Complementary

Question 35

Transcription occurs in the ______-

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 36

What are the three steps of Transcription?

Accepted Answer

initiation, elongation, termination

Question 37

Both the the promoter and operator control _____ ____________.

Accepted Answer

Gene Expression

Question 38

Point Mutation

Accepted Answer

Mutation that changes one or a few base pairs in a gene

Question 39

The genetic code shows which

Accepted Answer

mRNA codons correspond to which amino acids

Question 40

In bacteria, a(n) ________ is a group of genes under control of a single promoter.

Accepted Answer

Operon

Question 41

Select all of the following that are methods of gene regulation found in eukaryotes but not prokaryotes.

Accepted Answer

- Splicing exons in alternative ways
- Adding methyl groups to silence genes
- blocking mRNA exit from the nucleus

Question 42

What are coding regions of eukaryotic mRNA that are translated?

Accepted Answer

Exons

Question 43

Put the steps in order that they occur during initiation of translation, beginning with the first step at the top

Accepted Answer

1. the "cap" end of the mRNA bonds with a small ribosomal subunit
2. A tRNA carrying the amino acid methionine binds to the AUG start codon.
3. The large ribosomal subunit attaches to the small ribosomal subunit

Question 44

In bacterial operons, a DNA sequence that exists between the promoter and the protein coding region is called the _______ and is where a repressor protein can bind

Accepted Answer

Operator

Question 45

select all of the following that are true about the genetic code.
-AUG is usually the last codon in a strand of mRNA
-each amino acid is specified by only one codon
-three codons are "stop" codons
-AUG encodes methionine and "start"

Accepted Answer

-three codons are "stop codons"
-AUG encodes methionine and "start"

Question 46

What is a discrete package of DNA copied around proteins?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome

Question 47

in eukaryotes, RNA polymerase cannot bind to the promoter and initiate transcription without the presence of regulatory proteins called ______.

Accepted Answer

Transcription Factors

Question 48

Select all the ways that cells can make DNA less available for transcription
-tag DNA with methyl groups
-wind of fold DNA in a way that makes in unavailable
-unwind DN
-remove introns and split exons together

Accepted Answer

-tag DNA with methyl groups
-wind or fold DNA in a way that makes in unavailable

Question 49

In eukaryotic cells, the genome is usually divided up into multiple ___________

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes

Question 50

In prokaryotic cells, the genome usually consists of just ____ circular DNA molecule

Accepted Answer

One

Question 51

epigenetic is he study of ________ that affect gene expression but do not change the DNA sequence

Accepted Answer

DNA Modifications

Question 52

Viral enzyme that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template

Accepted Answer

Reverse Transcriptase

Question 53

Ribosmes consist of...

Accepted Answer

One large and one small subunit

Bio Chapter 7

DNA Structure and Gene Function

Question	Answer
Mutation creates slightly different versions of the same genes, called ______.	alleles
If a template strand of DNA is: 3' T A G C A T 5' What will the strand of RNA made during transcription be?	5' AUCGUA 3'
During translation, tRNA transfer ____ to build a protein.	Amino Acids
Which protein/enzyme is responsible for making RNA using a DNA template?	RNA Polymerase
In a frameshift mutation, all of the amino acids before the shift are changed. (True or False)	False
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter to start transcription. (True or False)	True
This gene sequence undergoes ____________ (i.e., is copied) into ____________ by RNA polymerase and other proteins. This occurs in the ____________ of the cell.	transcription, ,nucleus
Reading from 5' to 3', this RNA product has the sequence AUUGCGGCAAGCAGU . It binds to the small subunit of the ____________ . It is joined by the large subunit, completing the ____________ stage of the process of ____________ .	ribosome, elongation, translation
Each mRNA 3-base sequence, called a ____________ , matches with a tRNA sequence called the ____________ . The tRNA also carries the specified ____________ , used as a building block for a protein.	codon, anticodon, amino acid,
Select all the statements about nucleotides that are accurate.	-DNA always contains the same sugar in its nucleotides. -They are composed of a sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and one or more phosphorus-containing groups.
Select all of the following that are true about codons.	They are composed of three mRNA bases. They correspond to one amino acid.
In the Hershey and Chase experiment, ______ was found inside the infected bacteria, indicating that the labeled viral ______ had entered the bacterial cells to direct new virus production.	radioactive phosphorus; DNA
In his experiments with S. pneumoniae bacteria and mice, Frederich Griffith found that	something in heat-killed S bacteria could transform type R bacteria.
In an RNA molecule, a(n) ______ is a genetic "code word" that corresponds to one amino acid.	Codon
Hershey and Chase showed that the part of a virus that could enter bacterial cells and cause the production of more viruses was	DNA
Select all of the correct statements regarding the results of Frederick Griffith's 1928 experiment involving Streptococcus pneumoniae.	Live S strains caused pneumonia in mice. Heat-killed S strains mixed with live R strains caused pneumonia in mice.
Subunits called ______ are the building blocks of nucleic acids, as determined by scientists by about 1930.	Nucleotides
The promoter is a sequence on the ______ that signals the start of a gene.	Template stand
In eukaryotes, a part of an mRNA molecule that is removed before translation is called a(n)	Intron
In the Hershey and Chase experiment, radioactively-labeled sulfur was found in the ______ within one test tube, while radioactively-labeled phosphorus was found in the ______ within the other test tube, indicating that ______ was the genetic material.	fluid; bacterial cells; DNA
At the beginning of transcription, RNA polymerase binds to a ________.	promoter
In transcription, the genetic information in DNA is copied into a(n) ______ molecule, and in translation, the "message" in an mRNA molecule is translated into a(n) ______ sequence.	mRNA; amino acid
On a tRNA molecule, the __________ is a three-base sequence that is complementary to and binds to an mRNA codon during translation.	anticodon
Complete this sentence: If the nucleotides ATT were inserted into the template strand of a gene, then	the result protein will be shorter and nonfunctional
Combines the proteins to form a ribosome	rRNA
Carries amino acids to ribosomes and binds to codons	tRNA
Its codons specify the order of amino acids in translation	mRNA
Consider the types of mutations and the circumstances in which mutations arise to label the TRUE statements below. (Select all that apply.)	-Mutagens and meiosis are two sources of mutation -A single-base insertion is usually more harmful than a single-base substitution -Mutations can be useful to the organism
Arrange the following parts and processes of eukaryotic gene expression in chronological order	1. RNA polymerase binds to gene. 2. Transcription elongation occurs. 3. A complete mRNA strand detaches from RNA polymerase. 4. Introns are removed. 5. Translation occurs. 6. Functional protein is formed
Transcription includes:	synthesis of RNA, Nucleotides are joined together, occurs in the nucleus, DNA is the template, requires RNA polymerase
Translation Includes:	synthesis of polypeptides, amino acids are joined together, occurs on a ribosome, occurs after RNA processing
What does Transcription and Translation both include?	required in order to produce proteins, occurs before protein folding takes place
What is the DNA to protein sequence?	1. RNA polymerase uses DNA template to create complementary strand of mRNA 2. mRNA leaves nucleus 3. tRNA molecules transport amino acids to rib 4. Polypeptides are folded-form proteins 5. Proteins are brought to location- carry out their functions
Hydrogen bonds connect _____________ DNA strands	Complementary
Transcription occurs in the ______-	Nucleus
What are the three steps of Transcription?	initiation, elongation, termination
Both the the promoter and operator control _____ ____________.	Gene Expression
Point Mutation	Mutation that changes one or a few base pairs in a gene
The genetic code shows which	mRNA codons correspond to which amino acids
In bacteria, a(n) ________ is a group of genes under control of a single promoter.	Operon
Select all of the following that are methods of gene regulation found in eukaryotes but not prokaryotes.	- Splicing exons in alternative ways - Adding methyl groups to silence genes - blocking mRNA exit from the nucleus
What are coding regions of eukaryotic mRNA that are translated?	Exons
Put the steps in order that they occur during initiation of translation, beginning with the first step at the top	1. the "cap" end of the mRNA bonds with a small ribosomal subunit 2. A tRNA carrying the amino acid methionine binds to the AUG start codon. 3. The large ribosomal subunit attaches to the small ribosomal subunit
In bacterial operons, a DNA sequence that exists between the promoter and the protein coding region is called the _______ and is where a repressor protein can bind	Operator
select all of the following that are true about the genetic code. -AUG is usually the last codon in a strand of mRNA -each amino acid is specified by only one codon -three codons are "stop" codons -AUG encodes methionine and "start"	-three codons are "stop codons" -AUG encodes methionine and "start"
What is a discrete package of DNA copied around proteins?	Chromosome
in eukaryotes, RNA polymerase cannot bind to the promoter and initiate transcription without the presence of regulatory proteins called ______.	Transcription Factors
Select all the ways that cells can make DNA less available for transcription -tag DNA with methyl groups -wind of fold DNA in a way that makes in unavailable -unwind DN -remove introns and split exons together	-tag DNA with methyl groups -wind or fold DNA in a way that makes in unavailable
In eukaryotic cells, the genome is usually divided up into multiple ___________	Chromosomes
In prokaryotic cells, the genome usually consists of just ____ circular DNA molecule	One
epigenetic is he study of ________ that affect gene expression but do not change the DNA sequence	DNA Modifications
Viral enzyme that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template	Reverse Transcriptase
Ribosmes consist of...	One large and one small subunit

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