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respiratory structur
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nasal Nostrils | Entrance airway |
| Nasal cavities (left and right) | Lined with mucous membrane, cilia, and many blood vessels |
| Nasal septum | Seperates nasal cavities. Bone covered by mucous membrane |
| Nasal function | Filters with cilia, warms air,moistens air |
| Sinuses | Small cavities in bone of skull. Communicate with NASAL CAVITIES Highly susceptible to infection |
| Pharynx (throat) | Carries air to respiratory tract/food to digestive tract |
| Nasopharynx | upper portion behind nasal cavity |
| Oropharynx | Middle portion behind mouth (tonsild here) |
| Laryngeal pharynx | lowest portion, opens to larynx and esophagus in back. |
| Larynx (voice box) | contains vocal chords, glottis and epiglottis |
| Vocal chords | produce speech |
| Glottis | space between vocal chords |
| epiglottis | cartilage that covers pharynx during swallowing |
| Trachea (wind pipe) | C-shaped framework of cartilage to prevent collapse. CONDUCTS AIR BETWEEN LARYNX AND LUNGS |
| Bronchi | Lined with epithelial cells containing cilia |
| Hilium | notch of right and left bronchi. Blood vessels nerves also connect here |
| Right Main stem Bronchi | Larger, more vertical in direction more prone to infection |
| lungs | Organs in which diffusion of gases takes place |
| Right lung has how many lobes? | 3 |
| Left lung has how many lobes | 2 |
| Right bronchi | subdivides to each of 3 lobes of right ling (secondary bronchii) |
| left bronchi | subdivides to each of 2 lobes of left lung (SPACE FOR HEART) |
| Bronchiole Tree | Formed by continuous divisions |
| Bronchioles | Terminal bronchioles. Smallest of conductiing tubes. Cartiladge replaced by smooth muscle. |
| Alveoli | clusters of tiny air sacs |
| Surfactant | reduces surface tension, eases lung expansion, prevents collapse of lungs. |
| Diaphragm | Muscle of respiration. Controlled by phrenic nerve. |
| Pleura | double layered sac covering each lung and lines thoracic cavity. |
| Parietal pleura | attached to chest wall |
| Visceral pleura | attached to lung |
| Pleural space | space seperating the two pleural linings. Lubricates, easy lung movement |
| Mediastinum | region between lungs. Contains heart, great vessels, espophagus, trachea, and lymph nodes |
| Inhalation | Active Phase |
| Exhalation | Passive phase |
| air into lungs, gas pressure decreases | Inhalation |
| Muscles relax, diaphram returns to normal size | exhalation |
| lungs recoil due to elasticity during? | Exhalation |
| Lung compliance | ease at which lungs and thorax can be expanded |
| Aided by elasticity and surfactant | lung Compliance |
| Gas exchange takes place by process of? | Diffusion |
| Inspired Air | Inhaled |
| Expired Air | exhaled |
| % of Inspired O2? | 21% |
| % of Expired air | 16% |
| % of CO2? | 63% |
| Oxygen is bound to what in the blood? | Hemoglobin |
| Saturation % of Arterial Blood? | 97% |
| Saturation % of Venous Blood? | 70% |
| Oxygen breaks away from hemoglobin and is released to what? | Cells |
| Carbon Dioxide | Produced in tissues as waste product of cellular respiration. |
| What % of CO2 is dissolved in plasma? | 10% |
| What % of CO2 is combined with protein portion of hemo globin? | 20% |
| What % of CO2 is transported as bicarbonate ion? | 70% |
| This is formed when CO2 dissolves in body fluid? | bicarbonate ion |
| CO2 is changed into bicarbonate ion by the presence of what? | Carbonic anhydrase |
| CO2 is important in regulating what? | pH |
| Increase CO2=increased hydrogen ions which = | increase acidity |
| increase acidity = ? | decrease pH |
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