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SCOEJCJDJE
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Physical properties | can be measured of observed without changing the identity of the object. color, size, shape |
| Conductivity | transfer energy (heat or electric) |
| Chemical properties | describes a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties. |
| Flammability | burn |
| Reactivity | ability to react with something |
| Atoms | basic unit from which all matter is made. |
| Nucleus | protons and neutrons; positive |
| Cloud | electrons; negative |
| Element | pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. only one type of particle oxygen gold carbon |
| Molecule | 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. |
| Compounds | pure substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined elements must undergo a chemical change has its own characteristic properties can be broken down into simpler substances by means of a chemical change. |
| Mixtures | combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. substances in mixture maintain their identity can be physically separated (filter; centrifuge; magnet) |
| Heterogeneous | mixture in which you can see each substance |
| Homogeneous | mixture in which you cannot see each substance |
| Measuring matter | matter is anything that has volume and mass. |
| Volume | amount of space something takes up. regular shape - l x w x h = cm3 irregular shape - graduated cylinder |
| Mass | amount of mass something has. |
| Mass vs weight | mass remains constant; use a triple beam balance to measure. weight is the gravitational force on an object; it changes depending on location; use a scale to measure. |
| Density | how much mass in a given volume. D = m/v |
| Density and temperature | Amount of substance does NOT affect density. Temperature DOES affect density. most matter becomes less dense as it becomes warmer. Density of water = 1.0 g/mL. |
| Characteristic property | unique property that allows one to identify an element. Melting point, etc. Density Reactivity - the ability to react Conductivity - the ability to conduct heat or electricity |
| Physical change | changing a physical property of a substance. It does NOT change the identity of the substance. Change of State of Matter - melting, freezing, evaporation, etc. Changes in shape or form - dissolving, crushing, distillation, filtration. |
| Chemical change | process of changing a substance into a new substance. Tarnishing, burning, baking Chemical reactions - photosynthesis, cellular respiration. |
| Solid | molecules are very close together has a definite shape and volume crystalline – orderly arrangement of molecules; repeating pattern ice diamond iron |
| Amorphous | molecules are in no particular order rubber wax plastic |
| Liquid | molecules are somewhat close together changes shape but not volume molecules slide past one another to conform to container |
| Surface tension | characteristic property that creates an inward “pull” among the molecules of the liquid. |
| Viscosity | characteristic property that is a resistance to flowing. |
| Gas | molecules far apart changes both shape and volume Boyle’s Law for a fixed amount of gas at a given temperature, the volume of a gas increases as its pressure decreases volume decreases as its pressure increases. |
| Charles Law | for a fixed amount gas at constant pressure, the volume of a gas increases as its temperature increases the volume of a gas decreases as its temperature decreases. |
| Plasma | no definite shape or volume molecules have broken apart conduct electric currents lightning, fire, aurora borealis |
| Change of state | conversion of a substance from one physical form to another Melting (melting point) solid changes to liquid molecules gain energy (move faster) |
| endothermic change | energy is absorbed |
| Exothermic change | Freezing (freezing point) liquid changes to solid molecules lose energy (move slower) exothermic change – energy is removed |
| Boiling | liquid to gas at boiling point |
| Evaporation | liquid to gas below the boiling point (perspiration; water disappearing) |
| Condensation | (condensation point) gas changes to a liquid molecules lose energy (move slower) exothermic change – energy is removed |
| Sublimation | solid changes to gas dry ice endothermic change – energy is added |
| Solution | homogeneous mixture One substance dissolved into another |
| solute – solvent – | the substance that is dissolved the substance that does the dissolving |
| salt water – chocolate milk – | salt is the solute, water is the solvent chocolate is the solute, milk is the solvent |
| Temperature | Use the solubility curve to determine the solubility of a compound. The solubility of most solids increases as the temperature gets higher. |
| Things that change solubility | State of material also can increase solubility. Crushing the solute increases the amount of contact between the solute and solvent. Shaking causes solute particles to separate from one another and spread out more quickly |
Created by:
29baricevacm
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