Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

Normal Size Small Size show me how

Bio Exam 1

Question	Answer
Properties of Life	Order, Response to Stimuli, Reproduction, Adaptation, Growth, Homeostasis, and Energy Processing
AMMO	Atoms, Molecules, Macromolecules, Organelles
CTOOO	Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms
PCEB	Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere
Induction	small to large
Deduction	Large to small
Scientific inquiry for knowledge's sake	Basic science
Scientific inquiry to problem solve	applied science
a basic unit of matter that cannot be broken down by normal chemical reactions	atom
the study of life	biology
a collection of all ecosystems on Earth	biosphere
the smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living things	cell
a set of populations inhabiting a particular area	community
a part of an experiment that does not change during the experiment	control
a form of science that aims to observe, explore, and find things out	descriptive science
all living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, nonliving parts of that	ecosystem
an organism with cells that have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles	eukaryote
the process of gradual change in a population that can also lead to new species arising from	evolution
a form of science that begins with a specific explanation that is then tested	hypothesis-based science
a field of science, such as biology, that studies living things	life science
a large molecule typically formed by the joining of smaller molecules	macromolecule
a chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by a chemical bond	molecule
a field of science that studies the physical world, its phenomena, and processes	natural science
a structure formed of tissues operating together to perform a common function	organ
the higher level of organization that consists of functionally related organs	organ system
a membrane-bound compartment or sac within a cell	organelle
an individual living entity	organism
a diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among biological species based on similarities and differences in genetic or physical traits or both	phylogenetic tree
- a field of science, such as astronomy, physics, and chemistry, that studies nonliving matter	physical science
all individuals within a species living within a specific area	population
a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle	prokaryote
a description, often in the form of a mathematical formula, for the behavior of some	scientific law
a group of similar cells carrying out the same function	tissue
a part of an experiment that can vary or change	variable
The outermost shell of an element wants 8 electrons	octet rule
Properties of water	Cohesion, surface tension, adhesion, capilliary action
Water interactions	polar, stabilizes temperature, solvent
Carbon in life	structural backbone, carbon bonding, chain and rings
Amino acids on organism	Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary protein structures
Four major types of biological molecules	Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic acids and Proteins
a substance that donates hydrogen ions and therefore lowers pH	Acid
the attraction between water molecules and molecules of a different substance	Adhesion
a monomer of a protein	amino acid
a negative ion formed by gaining electrons	anion
a substance that absorbs hydrogen ions and therefore raises pH	Base
a solution that resists a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions	buffer
a biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1; serve as energy sources and structural support in cells	carbohydrate
a positive ion formed by losing electrons	cation
a polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of plants and provides structural support to the cell	cellulose
a type of carbohydrate that forms the outer skeleton of arthropods, such as insects and crustaceans, and the cell walls of fungi	chitin
the intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water; creats surface tension	cohesion
a type of strong bond between two or more of the same or different elements; forms	covalent bond
the loss of shape in a protein as a result of changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to chemicals	denaturation
a double-stranded polymer of nucleotides that carries the hereditary information of the cell	DNA
two sugar monomers that are linked together by a glycodsidic bond	disaccharide
a catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a complex or conjugated protein	enzyme
a storage carbohydrate in animals	glycogen
a weak bond between partially positively charged hydrogen atoms and partially negatively charged elements or molecules	hydrogen bond
describes a substance that dissolves in water; water-loving	hydrophilic
describes a substance that does not dissolve in water; water fearing	hydrophobic
a chemical bond that forms between ions of opposite charges	ionic bond
one or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons	isotope
a class of macromolecules that are nonpolar and insoluble in water	lipids
a large molecule, often formed by polymerization of smaller monomers	macromolecule
single unit or monomer of carbohydrates	monosaccharide
a type of covalent bond that forms between atoms when electrons are shared equally between atoms, resulting in no regions with partial charges as in polar covalent bonds	nonpolar covalent bond
a monomer of nucleic acids; contains a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base	nucleotide
a major constituent of the membranes of cells; composed of two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to the glycerol backbone	phospholipid
a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds	polypeptide
a long chain of monosaccharides; may be branched or unbranched	polysaccharide
an isotope that spontaneously emits particles or energy to form a more stable element	radioactive isotope
a single-stranded polymer of nucleotides that is involved in protein synthesis	RNA
a long-chain hydrocarbon with single covalent bonds in the carbon chain; the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton is maximized	saturated fatty acid
a storage carbohydrate in plants	starch
a type of lipid composed of four fused hydrocarbon rings	steroid
a fat molecule; consists of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule hydrocarbon chain	triglyceride
a long-chain hydrocarbon that has one or more than one double bonds in the	unsaturated fatty acid
a weak attraction or interaction between molecules caused by slightly positively charged or slightly negatively charged atoms	van der Waals interaction
All living things composed of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, all cells arise from cells	cell theory
Regulates passage of substances in order to preserve internal conditions of the cell	plasma membrane
internal contents of the cell, sight of metabolic reactions	cytoplastm
protein fibers that help to maintain the shape of the cell	cytoskeleton
long hairlike structure used for cell mobility	flagella
short, hair like structures that cover entire surface of plasma membrane in certain areas, move substances along outer surface of cell	cilla
interacts with endomembrane organelles	endomembrane system
site of ribosome subunit assembly, houses DNA	Nucleus
series of interconnected membranous tubules	Endoplasmic Reticulum
synthesize proteins undergoes modification	RER
synthesizes carbs, lipids, steroid hormones, detoxes	SER
flattened membranous sacs, sorts, tags, packages and distributes lipids and proteins	Golgi Apparatus
Components in plasma membrane that are dynamic in position	phospholipids,proteins and carbohydrates
Naturally occurring passage of materials not requiring energy because on concentration gradient- the tendency of chemicals to migrate from low to high concentration	passive transport
the method of transporting material that requires energy	active transport
a rigid cell covering made of cellulose in plants, peptidoglycan in bacteria, non-peptidoglycan compounds in Archaea, and chitin in fungi that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell	cell wall
a large plant cell organelle that acts as a storage compartment, water reservoir, and site if macromolecule degradation	cental vacuole
a plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis	chloroplast
protein-DNA complex that serves as the chromosomes' building material	chromatin
structure within the nucleus that comprises chromatin that contains DNA, the hereditary material	chromosome
the gel-like material of the cytoplasm in which cell structures are suspended	cytosol
a linkage between adjacent epithelial cells that forms when cadherins in the plasma membrane attach to intermediate filaments	desmosome
a passive process of transport of low-molecular weight material down its concentration gradient	diffusion
a gradient produced by the combined forces of the electrical gradient and the chemical gradient	electrochemical gradient
a type of active transport that moves substances, including fluids and particles, into a cell	endocytosis
the group of organelles and membranes in eukaryotic cells that work together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins	endomembrane system
a process of passing material out of a cell	exocytosis
the material, primarily collagen, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, secreted from animal cells that holds cells together as a tissue, allows cells to communicate with each other, andprovides mechanical protection and anchoring for cells in the tissue	extracellular matrix
a process by which material moves down a concentration gradient (from high to low concentration) using integral membrane proteins	facilitated transport
a model of the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components, including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and glycolipids, resulting in a fluid rather than static character	fluid mosaic model
describes a solution in which extracellular fluid has higher osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell	hypertonic
describes a solution in which extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell	hypotonic
describes a solution in which the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the fluid inside the cell	isotonic
an organelle in an animal cell that functions as the cell’s digestive component; it breaks down proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and even worn-out organelles	Lysosome
production of ATP	Mitochondria
the double-membrane structure that constitutes the outermost portion of the nucleus	nuclear envelope
the darkly staining body within the nucleus that is responsible for assembling ribosomal subunits	nucleolus
the total amount of substances dissolved in a specific amount of solution	osmolarity
the transport of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water	osmosis
a process that takes particulate matter like macromolecules, cells, or cell fragments that the cell needs from the extracellular fluid; a variation of endocytosis	phacocytosis
a process that takes solutes that the cell needs from the extracellular fluid; a variation of endocytosis	pinocytosis
a cellular structure that carries out protein synthesis	ribosome
a membrane-bound sac, somewhat larger than a vesicle, that functions in cellular storage and transport	vacuole
Total energy in a closed system is neither lost or gained Entropy constantly increases in a closed system	thermodynamics
the combination of an acetyl group derived from pyruvic acid and coenzyme A which is made from pantothenic acid (a B-group vitamin)	acetyl CoA
the cell’s energy currency	ATP
describes the pathway in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones, yielding energy as an additional product of the reaction	Catabolic
the movement of hydrogen ions down their electrochemical gradient across a membrane through ATP synthase to generate ATP	Chemiosmosis
a series of four large, multi-protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that accepts electrons from donor compounds and harvests energy from a series of chemical reactions to generate a hydrogen ion gradient across the membrane	electron transport chain
describes a chemical reaction that results in products that store more chemical potential energy	endergonic
the steps that follow the partial oxidation of glucose via glycolysis to regenerate NAD+; occurs in the absence of oxygen and uses an organic compound as the final electron acceptor	fermentation
the process of breaking glucose into two three-carbon molecules with the production of ATP and NADH	glycosis
all the chemical reactions that take place inside cells, including those that use energy and those that release energy	metabolism
the production of ATP by the transfer of electrons down the electron transport chain to create a proton gradient that is used by ATP synthase to add phosphate groups to ADP molecules	oxidative phosphorylation
a molecule on which the enzyme acts	substrate
the science of the relationships between heat, energy, and work	thermodynamics
the specific pattern of absorption for a substance that absorbs electromagnetic radiation	absorption spectrum
the reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules	Calvin cycle
the process of converting inorganic CO2 gas into organic compounds	carbon fixation
the first stage of photosynthesis where visible light is absorbed to form two energy-carrying molecules (ATP and NADPH)	light-dependent reaction
the middle layer of cells in a leaf	mesophyll
an organism capable of synthesizing its own food molecules (storing energy), using the energy of light	photoautotroph
a distinct quantity or “packet” of light energy	photon
a group of proteins, chlorophyll, and other pigments that are used in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis to absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy	photosystem
the opening that regulates gas exchange and water regulation between leaves and the environment	stoma
a disc-shaped membranous structure inside a chloroplast where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place using chlorophyll embedded in the membrane’s wavelength- the distance between consecutive points of a wave	thylakoid
the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.	photosynthesis

Created by: Bep023

"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries: