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NURS 201 Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the major components of the definition nursing according to the ANA? | -nursing is an art and science -protection, promotion, and optimization of health -prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering -diagnosis and treatment of human response -advocacy |
| What was nursing like in antiquity and early Modern Europe? | -illness caused by evil spirits -mom was caregiver -healthcare was faith-based -hospitals were started by nuns and monks -multiple patients in each bed |
| What was nursing like during the Civil War? | -nurses were usually family members -professional nurses got 6 months of training |
| How did urbanization impact nursing? | -soldiers traveled to big cities away from their families -public health nursing was established |
| How did WWII impact nursing? | More educational funding was granted because nurses were needed NOW |
| What were the major contributions of Florence Nightingale to the profession of nursing? | -determined that dirt causes illness -started the first nursing school in England -nursing research |
| Who was Mary Mahoney? | the first Black graduate from nursing school |
| Who was Clara Barton? | founded the American Red Cross during the Civil War |
| Who was Lillian Wald? | started public health nursing during urbanization |
| How does nursing qualify as a profession? | -specific and unique knowledge -strong service orientation -recognized authority by professional group -code of ethics -professional organization sets standards -ongoing research -autonomy and self-regulation |
| What is the role of the ANA in the advancement of the profession of nursing? | -foster high standards -safe work environment -advocate for issue impacting nurses |
| What are the 3 primary sources of nursing knowledge? | traditional, authoritative, scientific |
| Traditional knowledge | We've always done it that way |
| Authoritative Knowledge | boss says to do it that way |
| Scientific Knowledge | validated by evidence |
| What are the common concepts in nursing theories? | Goal-improving patient care Aspects-patient, environment, health, nursing |
| What is the role of nursing research? | improve patient outcomes and lead to evidence-based practice |
| Why do we use evidence-based practice in nursing? | -leads to better clinical decisions for better patient outcomes -keeps practice current and relevant |
| What are some examples of the impact of evidence-based practice? | -proper NG tube placement -infant sleeping position -handwashing |
| Health | state of physical, mental, and social well-being |
| Wellness | active state of being healthy, including living a lifestyle that promotes good health |
| Disease | pathological change |
| Illness | response to disease |
| What are the 6 dimensions of health? | emotional, physical, intellectual, environmental, spiritual, sociocultural |
| What are the human dimensions that affect health and illness? | individual, family, community, environment |
| Acute | short-term illness, quick onset |
| Chronic | long-term illness, slow onset |
| Remission | No symptoms |
| Exacerbation | symptoms return |
| What are the stages of illness behavior with examples? | 1.Symptoms (I have a sore throat) 2. Sick role (I have the flu) 3. Dependent Role (I need someone to take care of me) 4. Achieve Recovery and Rehab (I'm feeling better) |
| Health equity | equal opportunity for everyone |
| Health disparity | particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage |
| Primary preventative care | no illness, focus on risk assessment and prevention |
| Secondary preventative care | illness there but unknown, screening for illness, prompt diagnosis and treatment |
| Tertiary preventative care | after diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications |
| What are some risk factors for altered health? | age, genetics, physiologic, health habits, lifestyle, environment |
| What are the modes of value transmission? | modeling, moralizing, laissez-faire, reward and punishment, responsible choice |
| altruism | want what is best for everyone |
| autonomy | patient right to choose |
| human dignity | respect for the inherent worth and uniqueness of everyone |
| integrity | doing the right thing when no one is watching |
| social justice | treating every person the same |
| principle-based approach | focuses on autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, fidelity, veracity, accountability, privacy, confidentiality |
| care-based approach | nurse-patient relationship dependent on the patient's narrative focuses on: Kindness, compassion, attentiveness, empathy, reliability |
| moral distress | knowing what to do but not being able to do it |
| moral injury | a betrayal of what is right by someone in authority or by oneself in high-stakes situation |
| What is the ethical decision-making process? | 1. Assess the situation 2. Diagnose the ethical problem 3. Make a plan 4. Implement the plan 5. Evaluate the decision |
| How does federal legislation regulate nursing practice? | Medicare and Medicaid, Joint Commission |
| How does state legislation regulate nursing practice? | through the Nurse Practice Act which determines the scope of practice and education requirements |
| How does the Board of Nursing regulate nursing practice? | rules and regulations, position statements, declaratory rulings, delegation, medication administration, unprofessional conduct, licensing |
| How do healthcare institutions regulate nursing practice? | unite-based policies, institutional policies, credentialing policies |
| What is licensure? | minimum requirements to practice, revokable privilege |
| What are intentional torts? | assault, battery, defamation, false imprisonment, fraud, invasion of privacy |
| What are unintentional torts? | negligence and malpractice |
| Assault and Batter | assault is the threat, battery is the physical contact |
| Defamation | talking poorly about a patient |
| False Imprisonment | restraining someone against their will |
| Fraud | false documentation, willful misrepresentation that causes loss or harm |
| Invasion of privacy | HIPAA, protected health information |
| Negligence | performing an act that a reasonably prudent person would not do or not performing an act that a reasonably prudent person would do |
| Malpractice | professional negligence |
| How do nurses ensure competent practice? | continuing education, self-reflection, knowing your limitations, clear, objective documentation |
| What are two issues that impact competency? | nurse fatigue and impairment |
| What are the four aspects of informed consent? | disclosure, comprehension, competence, voluntariness |
| What are the 5 aspects of harm prevention? | -risk management -just culture -incident reports -sentinel events -never events |
Created by:
mbaldwin13
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