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Cell Cycle & Mitosis

TermDefinition
Where is DNA located in a normal eukaryotic cell? In the nucleus
Chromatin A loose combination of DNA and proteins; the phase DNA is in during much of the cell cycle; the "noodle" stage
How many chromosomes are located in a human somatic cell? 46
Where is DNA located in a prokaryotic cell? In the cytoplasm
Gene A specific sequence of nucleotides that codes for a protein
Centromere The region of a chromosome where chromatids are held together
What is the name of a sex cell in humans? gamete (sperm and egg)
Autosome A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
What is a karyotype? A display of an individual's chromosomes in order of size
Haploid Half the usual number of copies of each chromosome, based on a somatic cell of the species
Diploid Two copies of each chromosome
How do prokaryotes (bacteria) perform cell division? Binary fission
What are the two forms of cell division in eukaryotes (ex: humans) called? Mitosis and meiosis
What is mitosis? Division of the nucleus
What is cytokinesis? Division of the cytoplasm
About 90% of the cell cycle, including the stages of G1, G2, and S stage is called? Interphase
What happens in G1? Majority of growth
What happens during the S phase? Synthesis or replication of the DNA
What happens during G2? More growth and replication of cell parts, DNA error checking, and preparing for cell division
What happens during Prophase? chromatin fibers coil tightly into visible chromosomes, nuclear membrane begins to disappear, centrioles begin to move to opposite ends of the cell, and spindle fibers begin to form
What happens during Metaphase? Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of chromosomes and move the chromosomes to the middle of the cell
What happens during Anaphase? Sister chromatids are pulled by spindle fibers to opposite poles of the cell, and each new chromosome has identical genetic information
What happens during Telophase? Nuclear membranes form around each cell's set of chromosomes, the chromosomes begin to uncoil into chromatin, nucleoli reappear, and a cleavage furrow starts to form in the cytoplasm (of animal cells) as the cell prepares to divide.
cancer Uncontrollable cell division due to internal controls being damaged from environmental conditions or possible mutations. A disorder of the cell cyle.
metastasis When cancer spreads to other parts of the body - usually through the blood stream
Where does a "cell plate" form? In plant cells during telophase
cell cycle A series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
Centriole A cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
Cleavage furrow The indentation that occurs in the middle of an animal cell that is ready to complete cytokinesis.
Chromatid One half of a chromosome
Somatic Any body cell except for reproductive cells.
Sister chromatid chromatids that are identical
Telomere A structure of repeating nucleotides at the end of DNA molecules that helps prevent the loss of genes during DNA replication and cell division.
Chromosome A continuous thread of DNA containing genes and regulatory information; the stage DNA is in when packaged for "moving" - cell division
Histone A protein that DNA wraps around; helps package DNA and provide structural support for chromosomes
Sex chromosome A chromosome that determines biological sex. In humans, X and Y.
What happens in G0? (G zero) Cell cycle arrest. The cell remains in interphase and does not continue to the S phase.
Differentiation The process by which unspecialized or less-specialized cells acquire specialized structures and functions.
Development The series of changes organisms undergo in their passage from the embryonic state to maturity, from a lower to a higher state of organization.
Created by: onceamustang
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