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7th Unit 2 Vocab
7th Grade Discovery Education Unit 2 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Activation Energy | The minimum amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction; written as Ea and measured in kilojoules |
| Chemical Bond | The forces that hold atoms together, these may be ionic, covalent or metallic. |
| Chemical Change | A chemical reaction; a process that changes substances into new substances (related word: chemical reaction) |
| Chemical Property | A characteristic of a substance that is measurable or observable during a chemical reaction; includes pH, heat of combustion, reactivity, etc. |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | a fundamental principle of science stating that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a closed system through ordinary chemical or physical means |
| Physical Change | a change in matter that does not affect its chemical composition |
| Physical Property | a characteristic that can be observed (intensive), such as texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, or measured (extensive) such as mass, length, volume, that is used to describe matter and can be observed or measured without changing its composition |
| Precipitate | solid particles that have been separated from a solution |
| Product | the substances that are formed during a chemical reaction; in a chemical reaction the arrows point toward the product |
| Reactant | the substances present before a chemical reaction occurs; in a chemical reaction the arrow usually points away from the reactant(s) |
| Solute | a substance that has the ability to be dissolved by a solvent to create a solution |
| Solution | a mixture in which a solid and a liquid or two liquids are mixed so evenly, that it is not possible to see the separate particles |
| Solvent | the substance that dissolves another substance |
| Aerobic Respiration | the form of in cell respiration that requires free oxygen |
| Anaerobic Respiration | the form of cell respiration that can take place in the absence of free oxygen |
| Cellular Respiration | the process that occurs when the chemical energy of "food" molecules, carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, is released and partially captured in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
| Chemical Energy | the energy that is stored in the bonds between atoms |
| Chlorophyll | a green pigment that traps energy from the sun |
| Chloroplast | an organelle in a plant cell that turns energy from the sun into chemical energy for the plant to use |
| Consumer | an organism that eats other living things to get energy; an organism that does not produce its own food (related word: consume) |
| Decomposer | organisms which carry out the process of decomposition by breaking down dead or decaying organisms |
| Fermentation | conversion of carbohydrates into alcohols |
| Glucose | a carbohydrate; produced by photosynthesis; primary source of energy for some plant and animal cells |
| Glycolysis | the breakdown of glucose through a series of biochemical reactions produces two molecules each of ATP, pyruvate, and NADH |
| Kinetic Energy | the energy an object has due to its motion |
| Mitochondria | an organelle in eukaryotic cells that is the site of cellular respiration and generates most of the cell’s ATP |
| Photosynthesis | the process in which plants and some other organisms use the energy in sunlight to make food |
| Potential Energy | the amount of energy that is stored in an object; energy that an object has because of its position relative to other objects |
| Producer | an organism that makes its own food; an organism that does not consume other plants or animals |
| Radiant Energy | energy that does not need matter to travel; light |
| Starch | a long-chain carbohydrate formed from glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds |
| Abrasion | a type of mechanical weathering caused by the scraping and scratching of rocks by loose particles that are transported over the rocks by wind, water, glaciers, etc. |
| Asthenosphere | The layer of soft but solid mobile rock found below the lithosphere. The asthenosphere begins about 100 km below Earth's surface and extends to a depth of about 350 km; the lower part of the upper mantle. |
| Basalt | a fine-grained, dark-colored extrusive igneous rock; the most abundant volcanic rock found on Earth’s crust, it makes up a large portion of the ocean floor as well as the dark regions on the surface of the Moon |
| Chemical Weathering | changes to rocks and minerals on Earth’s surface that are caused by chemical reactions |
| Convergent Boundary | a tectonic plate boundary at which two tectonic plates move toward each other, causing collisions and subduction zones |
| Core | the innermost layer of Earth, comprised of the liquid outer core and solid inner core; consists mainly of iron and nickel |
| Crust | the outermost rocky layer of a rocky planet or moon which is chemically distinct from an underlying mantle. |
| Delta | a fan-shaped mass of mud and other sediment that forms where a river enters a large body of water |
| Deposition (Sedimentary) | occurs when eroded sediments are dropped in another location, ending the process of erosion |
| Divergent Boundary | a tectonic plate boundary at which two tectonic plates move away from each other |
| Erosion | When soil is moved from one location to another by wind or water. After rocks have been broken down, the small particles are transported to other locations by wind, water, ice, and gravity. |
| Geothermal Energy | a natural, renewable energy resource produced by Earth's naturally occurring heat, steam, and hot water |
| Granite | a coarse-grained, intrusive, felsic igneous rock composed primarily of quartz, mica, and feldspar |
| Igneous Rock | a type of rock that forms when melted rock cools and hardens |
| Inner Core | the solid, inner portion of Earth's core, composed of an alloy of iron, nickel, and other heavy elements; rotates within the liquid outer core |
| Lava | melted rock on Earth's surface |
| Limestone | a kind of sedimentary rock: Some kinds of limestone are made from ancient sea shells. |
| Lithosphere | the part of Earth which is composed mostly of rocks; the crust and outer mantle |
| Magma | melted rock located beneath Earth's surface |
| Mantle | the layer of solid rock between Earth’s crust and core |
| Metamorphic Rock | one of the major types of rock that is created from previously existing rock by the action of intense heat and pressure |
| Mineral | a natural, solid substance found in rocks; each mineral has a specific chemical makeup |
| Outer Core | the liquid outer portion of Earth's core, composed primarily of iron and nickel |
| Pumice | a light-colored, fine-grained, vesicular igneous rock having the same composition as rhyolite |
| Rock Cycle | a model describing the transformations of rocks from one major rock type to another |
| Sediment | solid material, moved by wind, water, and other forces, that settles on the surface of land or the bottom of a body of water |
| Sedimentary Rock | a type of rock formed by gravity pressing fragments of other rocks and minerals together as they settle on land or under the ocean over a long period of time |
| Subduction | the sinking of an oceanic plate beneath a plate of lesser density at a convergent boundary |
| Transform Boundary | a tectonic plate boundary along which plates slide horizontally past one another in opposite directions |
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Mquinteros
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