The sum of all chemical reactions within a living organism.

The breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones.

The building of complex organic molecules from simpler ones.

Serves as biological catalysts in living cells.

Functional site of an enzyme, the shape of which is complementary to the shape of the substrate.

The collision energy required for a chemical reaction; the amount of energy needed to disrupt the stable electronic configuration of any specific molecule so that the electrons can be rearranged.

The loss of its characteristics three-dimensional structure; the reduced rate of reaction beyond the optimal temperature is due to the enzymes denaturation.

Oxidation-reduction reactions

Any metabolic reaction involving the transfer of electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor. Reactions in which electrons are accepted are called reduction reactions, whereas reactions in which electrons are donated are oxidation reactions.

Carbohydrate catabolism

All of the decomposition reactions in an organism taken together.

First step in the catabolism of glucose via respiration and fermentation.

Series of eight enzymatically catalyzed reactions that transfer stored energy from acetyl-CoA to coenzymes NAD+ and FAD.

Electron transport chain

Series of redox reactions that pass electrons from one membrane-bound carrier to another, and then to a final electron acceptor.

Use of ion gradients to generate ATP.

Aerobic cellular respiration

Type of cellular respiration requiring oxygen atoms as final electron acceptors.

anaerobic cellular respiration

Type of cellular respiration not requiring oxygen atoms as final electron acceptors.

In metabolism, the partial oxidation of sugar to release energy using an endogenous organic molecule rather than an electron transport chain as the final electron acceptor.

Microorganism which requires light energy and uses carbon dioxide as a carbon source.

Microorganism that requires light energy and gains nutrients via catabolism of organic compounds.

Microorganism that uses carbon dioxide as a carbon source and catabolizes organic molecules for energy.

Microorganism that uses organic compounds for both energy and carbon.

A reversible metabolic reaction; that is, a reaction which can be catabolic or anabolic.

The molecule upon which an enzyme acts.

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Micro - Ch 5

Question	Answer
Metabolism	The sum of all chemical reactions within a living organism.
Catabolism	The breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones.
Anabolism	The building of complex organic molecules from simpler ones.
Enzymes	Serves as biological catalysts in living cells.
Active site	Functional site of an enzyme, the shape of which is complementary to the shape of the substrate.
Activation energy	The collision energy required for a chemical reaction; the amount of energy needed to disrupt the stable electronic configuration of any specific molecule so that the electrons can be rearranged.
Enzyme specificity
Denaturation	The loss of its characteristics three-dimensional structure; the reduced rate of reaction beyond the optimal temperature is due to the enzymes denaturation.
Oxidation-reduction reactions	Any metabolic reaction involving the transfer of electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor. Reactions in which electrons are accepted are called reduction reactions, whereas reactions in which electrons are donated are oxidation reactions.
Carbohydrate catabolism	All of the decomposition reactions in an organism taken together.
Glycolysis	First step in the catabolism of glucose via respiration and fermentation.
Krebs cycle	Series of eight enzymatically catalyzed reactions that transfer stored energy from acetyl-CoA to coenzymes NAD+ and FAD.
Electron transport chain	Series of redox reactions that pass electrons from one membrane-bound carrier to another, and then to a final electron acceptor.
Chemiosmosis	Use of ion gradients to generate ATP.
Aerobic cellular respiration	Type of cellular respiration requiring oxygen atoms as final electron acceptors.
anaerobic cellular respiration	Type of cellular respiration not requiring oxygen atoms as final electron acceptors.
Fermentation	In metabolism, the partial oxidation of sugar to release energy using an endogenous organic molecule rather than an electron transport chain as the final electron acceptor.
Final electron acceptor
photoautotroph	Microorganism which requires light energy and uses carbon dioxide as a carbon source.
Photoheterotroph	Microorganism that requires light energy and gains nutrients via catabolism of organic compounds.
Chemoautotroph	Microorganism that uses carbon dioxide as a carbon source and catabolizes organic molecules for energy.
Chemoheterotroph	Microorganism that uses organic compounds for both energy and carbon.
Amphibolic	A reversible metabolic reaction; that is, a reaction which can be catabolic or anabolic.
Substrate	The molecule upon which an enzyme acts.

Created by: heatherleone81

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