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Micro - Ch 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Inorganic Compounds | Molecules; usually small and structurally simple, that typically lack carbon and in which ionic bonds may play and important role (water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and many salts, acids, and bases) |
| Organic Compunds | A molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen. |
| Polar Molecule | A molecule that and unequal distribution of charges. |
| Solvent | A dissolving medium |
| Solute | A substance dissolved in another substance |
| Acid | A substance that dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions(H+) and one or more negative ions. |
| Base | A substance that dissociates into one or more hydroxide ions (OH-) and one or more positive ions. |
| pH Scale | (Potential of hydrogen) The amount of hydrogen in a solution can be measured on a pH scale, which ranges from 0-14. |
| Buffers | A substance that tends ti stabilize the pH of a solution. |
| Dehydration synthesis | When two monomers join together, the reaction usually involves the elimination of a hydrogen atom from one monomer and a hydroxyl group from the other; the hydrogen atom and the hydroxyl group combine to produce water |
| Carbohydrates | An organic compund composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with the hydrogen and oxygen present in a 2:1 ratio; carbohydrates include starches, sugars, and cellulose. |
| Monosaccharide | A simple sugar consisting of 3-7 carbon atoms |
| Disaccharide | A sugar consisting of two simple sugars, or monosaccharides |
| Hydrolysis | A decomposition reaction in which chemicals react with the H+ and OH- of a water molecule |
| Polysaccharides | A carbohydrate consisting of 8 or more monosaccharides joined through dehydration synthesis |
| Lipids | A non-water soluble organic molecule, including triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols |
| Fatty Acid | Consist of a long hydrocarbon chains (composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms) ending in a carboxyl group. |
| Glycerol | Have three carbon atoms to which are attached three hydroxyl groups. |
| Phospholipid | A complex lipid composed of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group. |
| Hydrophobic | Non-polar; s the physical property of a molecule (known as a hydrophobe) that is repelled from a mass of water. |
| Hydrophilic | efers to a physical property of a molecule that can transiently bond with water (H2O) through hydrogen bonding. |
| Steroids | A specific group of lipids, including cholesterol and hormones. |
| Proteins | A large molecule containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (and sulfur); some proteins have a helical structure and others are pleated sheets. They are described in terms of four levels of organization: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. |
| Amino Acids | An organic containing an amino group and a carboxyl group. |
| Peptide bond | A bond joining the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of a second amino acid with the loss of a water molecule |
| Primary structure | Protein: Is the unique sequence in which the amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide chain. |
| Secondary structure | Is the localized, repetitious twisting or folding of the polypeptide chain. |
| Tertiary structure | Refers to the overall three-dimensional structure of a polypeptide chain |
| Quaternary structure | Consists of an aggravation of two or more individual polypeptide chains that operate as a single functional unit. |
| Denaturation | A change in molecular structure of a protein, usually making it nonfunctional |
| DNA | The nucleic acid of genetic material in all cells and some viruses |
| RNA | The class of nucleic acids that comprises messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA. |
| Nucleic acid | A macromolecule consisting of nucleotides; DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. |
| ATP | is the principle energy-carrying molecule of all cells and in indispensable to the life of the cell. |
Created by:
heatherleone81
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