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Bio Quiz-Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids; made up of 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base |
| glycerol | structural component of lipids |
| hydrolysis | A chemical reaction in which the interaction of a compound with water results in the decomposition of that compound. |
| protein | a macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by body for growth and repair and for making enzymes |
| C6H12O6 | chemical formula for glucose |
| monomer | small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers |
| monosaccharide | single sugar molecule |
| glycogen | supplies energy for muscle contraction and movement; and is excess sugar in a polysaccharide |
| peptide bond | the linkage between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another |
| lipid | a macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes |
| C12O22H11 | the chemical formula for sucrose |
| macromolecule | made from thousands of smaller molecules; formed by the process of polymerization |
| disaccharide | A sugar (carbohydrate) composed of two monosaccharides, thus yields two monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis. |
| starch | extra sugar stored as complex carbohydrates |
| amino acids | compound with amino group on one end and carboxyl on other end. Two amino acids linked by one's carboxyl group and the other's amino group is linked by the peptide bond |
| carbohydrate | A compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1. Living things use as main source of energy. |
| saturated | linked completely by single bonds. (contains maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms) |
| glucose | A simple monosaccharide sugar that serves as the main source of energy and as an important metabolic substrate for most living things. |
| polysaccharide | A complex carbohydrate composed of a chain of monosaccharides. |
| cellulose | A polysaccharide that plants use; gives plants strength and rigidity |
| enzymes | A catalyst or a chemical produced by cells to speed up specific chemical reaction. |
| nucleic acid | macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphate |
| unsaturated | contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond |
| maltose | A complex sugar (disaccharide) consisting of 2 glucose molecules. |
| fatty acids | A metabolic byproduct from the breakdown of fats. Joins with gycerol to form lipids. |
| dehydration synthesis | A chemical reaction that builds up molecules by losing water molecules. |
| carbon | 1) contains four valence electrons 2) is able to bond with many atoms (including itself) 3) can form millions of large and complex structures |
| phospholipids | A lipid with one or more phosphate groups attached to it. A lipid consisting of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group. |
| polymer | large compound formed from combinations of many monomers |
| lactose | A disaccharide sugar which is commonly found in milk. It consists of galactose and glucose, where an enzyme called lactase can break lactose into these two smaller components. |
| DNA | double-stranded, contains genetic information for cell growth, found in nucleus in eukaryotes, is a long polymer of nucleotides to code for amino acids during protein synthesis |
Created by:
kimmydawn
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