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Unit 4
An Investigation of Living Things
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | The basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| unicellular | Made of a single cell |
| multicellular | Made of many cells |
| autotroph | An organism that makes its own food (photosynthesizes) |
| heterotroph | An organism that cannot make its own food and obtains energy from consuming other living things |
| organism | A living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently |
| biology | the scientific study of life |
| homeostasis | the process by which living things (organisms) maintain a stable internal environment |
| reproduction | the process of producing offspring |
| stimulus | A change in an organism's surroundings/environment that causes the organism to react, or respond |
| Robert Hooke | the first person to observe "small chambers" in cork and named them cells |
| Cell Theory | A fundamental theory in biology that states that 1.) all living things are composed of cells; 2.)that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and 3.) that new cells are produced from existing cells |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | Scientist who made the first simple microscope and observed bacteria from teeth scrapings |
| Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden | Scientists that developed the part of the cell theory that states all living things are composed of cells |
| spontaneous generation | the mistaken idea that living things arise from nonliving sources |
| Francesco Redi | This scientist disproved spontaneous generation by showing that flies and maggots do not spontaneously arise from rotting meat. |
| Louis Pasteur | A French chemist; also disproved the idea of spontaneous generation through his experiment with broth and microorganisms |
| organelle | A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell |
| eukaryote | A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles (examples include animal cells and plant cells) |
| prokaryote | Cells that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (examples include bacteria cells) |
| organelle | A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell |
| cell membrane | A cell structure that surrounds the cell; it controls which substances can enter or leave the cell. |
| nucleus | Often referred to as the "control center" of the cell; contains DNA |
| nucleolus | A cell structure found inside the nucleus; produces parts of the ribosomes |
| ribosomes | small organelles where protein synthesis takes place; found attached to the rough ER or floating freely in the cytoplasm |
| cytoplasm | A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are contained |
| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | A cell structure of interconnected membranes; it is the transportation system of the cell; consists of smooth and rough sections. |
| golgi bodies | organelles that sort and package materials and transport them within the cell or out of the cell; it is like a post office for the cell |
| mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production |
| vacuole | Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| lysosome | cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
Created by:
gibbonsUMS
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