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Unit 4 (7th)
An Investigation of Living Things
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | the basic unit of life; all living things are made of these, which carry DNA and support the functions necessary for an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce |
| characteristics of living things | 1. Made of cells, 2. Maintain homeostasis, 3. Metabolism/energy use, 4. Reproduction, 5. Growth & development, 6. Respond to stimuli |
| unicellular | an organism made of only one cell that does all the work needed to live (ex: bacteria, amoebas, yeast) |
| multicellular | more complex organisms made of many cells that work together, with different cells performing different jobs |
| autotroph | a living thing that can make its own food using energy from the Sun (like plants) |
| heterotroph | a living thing that cannot make its own food and must eat other organisms (plants or animals) to get energy |
| organism | a living thing that can carry out all the basic life functions of life on its own, such as growing, reproducing, and getting energy |
| biology | the scientific study of life |
| homeostasis | the process by which a living thing keeps its internal conditions balanced and stable (like temperature, water, and nutrients) even when the environment around it changes |
| reproduction | the process by which living things produce offspring like themselves, so their species can continue |
| growth & development | the process by which living things increase in size and change over time |
| stimulus | anything in the environment that causes a living thing to respond or react |
| Robert Hooke | the first person to observe "small chambers" in cork and named them cells |
| Cell Theory | A fundamental theory in biology that states that 1.) all living things are composed of cells; 2.)that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and 3.) that new cells are produced from existing cells |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | Scientist who made the first simple microscope and observed bacteria from teeth scrapings |
| Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden | Scientists that developed the part of the cell theory that states all living things are composed of cells |
| spontaneous generation | the mistaken idea that living things arise from nonliving sources |
| Francesco Redi | This scientist disproved spontaneous generation by showing that flies and maggots do not spontaneously arise from rotting meat. |
| Louis Pasteur | A French chemist; also disproved the idea of spontaneous generation through his experiment with broth and microorganisms |
| eukaryote | a cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles (examples include animal cells and plant cells) |
| prokaryote | Cells that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (examples include bacteria cells) |
| organelle | A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell |
| microorganism | A small organism that can only be seen with a microscope |
| cell membrane | A cell structure that surrounds the cell; it controls which substances can enter or leave the cell. |
| cell wall | A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides extra support to the plant cell |
| nucleus | Often referred to as the "control center" of the cell; contains DNA, the information to help a cell grow and develop |
| nucleolus | A cell structure found inside the nucleus; produces parts of the ribosomes |
| ribosomes | small organelles where protein synthesis takes place; found attached to the rough ER or floating freely in the cytoplasm |
| cytoplasm | A jelly-like fluid (made of water, dissolved nutrients, and salt) inside the cell in which the organelles are contained |
| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | A cell structure of interconnected membranes found outside the nucleus; it is the transportation system of the cell; consists of smooth and rough sections |
| golgi bodies | organelles that sort and package materials and transport them within the cell or out of the cell; it is like a post office for the cell |
| mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production |
| vacuole | Cell organelle that stores materials such as nutrients, waste, and water |
| lysosome | cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
| chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into useable energy |
Created by:
gibbonsUMS
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