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Biological molecules

AQA A-level Biology topic 1 - biological molecules

TermDefinition
what are monomers the small units from which larger molecules are made
what is a polymer large, complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers joined together
what is the monomer of glycogen glucose
what is the monomer of proteins amino acids
what is the monomer of DNA nucleotides
what are carbohydrates molecules made up of only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. long chains of sugar.
what are the monomer of carbohydrates monosaccharides - only one sugar
name three monosaccharides glucose, galactose, fructose
all monosaccharides (and some disaccharides) are... reducing sugars
reduction is... gain of electrons or hydrogen/ loss of oxygen. monosaccharides donate electrons to benedict's reagent
what reagent is used in the test for monosaccharides? what happens to it during the reaction? Benedict's reagent (alkali solution of copper (II) sulfate. In the presence of monosaccharides it's reduced to copper(I) oxide.
what are the range of colours Benedict's can change to (in order of increasing reducing sugar concentration)? blue > green > yellow > orange > red
give the method for reducing sugars test 1. Add 2cm^3 of the food sample in liquid form 2. Add equal volume of benedict's solution 3. Heat the mixture gently in water baths
draw the structure of a-glucose
draw the structure of b-glucose
monosaccharides can join through... condensation reactions - formation of new bond and release of water
disaccharides and polysaccharides are joined together by... glycosidic bonds
name three disaccharides maltose, sucrose, lactose
glucose + fructose -> sucrose
glucose + galactose -> lactose
glucose + glucose -> maltose
name three polysaccharides glycogen, starch, cellulose
are polysaccharides soluble? no, as they are large molecules
a hydrolysis reaction is... breaks the chemical bond between two molecules and involves the use of a water molecule.
describe the structure + function of glycogen
describe the structure + function of starch
describe the structure + function of cellulose
Created by: j3nnaya
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