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Unit 3 vocab bio
Cellular Energy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cellular respiration | Occurs in the mitochondria, the process that uses energy from food to produce ATP. Occurs in the presence of oxygen. |
| Aerobic | Process that requires oxygen |
| Anaerobic | Process that does not require oxygen |
| Glycolysis | First step of cellular respiration involves the breaking of two pyruvate molecules |
| NADH/NAD+ | Electron carrier specific to respiration. Carries high energy electrons to the electron transport chain |
| Krebs cycle | The second step of cellular respiration, involves the rearrangement of acetyl CoA molecules in order to harvest high energy electrons, produce ATP, and |
| Mitochondria | Organelle that contains the aerobic reactions of cellular respiration. Has its own DNa |
| Matrix | Innermost compartment of the mitochondria, location of the Krebs cycle |
| Cristae | Ruffles of the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Location in the ETC. |
| Electron Transport Chain (ETC) | A series of protein pumps that gather energy from the electrons that pass through it. The pumps move hydrogen ions to the inner membrane space to create a hydrogen ion gradient |
| Chemiosmosis | A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme. |
| Oxidative phosphorylation | The process of producing ATP using a hydrogen ion gradient and ATP synthase. The ETC and ATP synthase work together to do this. |
| substrate-level phosphorylation | The process of producing ATP by getting energy directly from a substrate. The ATP produced during glycolysis and Krebs cycle is produced this way. |
| ATP synthase | Enzyme that spans the membrane and allows H+ ions to pass through it. H+ ions force it to rotate, and the energy is used to attach a phosphate to ADP, forming ATP. |
| ATP | One of the most important compounds that cells use to store and release energy. High energy, contains adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups |
| ADP | One of the most important compounds that cells use to store and release energy. Lower energy, contains adenine, ribose, and two phosphate groups |
| Heterotroph | Organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things |
| Autotroph | Organisms that make their own food |
| Photosynthesis | The process by which autotrophs use the energy of sunlight, carbon from CO2, and electrons from water to produce high energy carbohydrates (sugars and starches) |
| Pigments | light absorbing molecules |
| Chlorophyll | The principal pigment in plants, reflects green light |
| Cloraplast | Plant specific organelle that contains chlorophyll, the location of photosynthesis |
| Thylakoid | Pancake-like photosynthetic membranes, located inside a chloroplast |
| Granum | Stacks of thylakoid membranes that are interconnected |
| Stroma | The fluid portion of the chloroplast outside the thylakoids |
| Electron carrier | A compound that can accept a pair of high energy electrons and transfer them, along with most of their energy, to another molecule |
| NADPH/NADP+ | Electron carrier specific to photosynthesis. Carries electrons from the light dependent reactions to the light independent reactions |
| light-dependent reactions | Process that uses energy from sunlight and electrons from water to produce ATP and NADPH. Involves chlorophyll and photosystems. Located in the thylakoid membrane. |
| Light independent reactions(Calvin Cycle) | Process that uses energy from ATP, electrons from NADPH, and carbon from CO2 to produce glucose. Occurs in the stroma. |
| photosystems | Clusters of chlorophyll and proteins that work together to absorb light energy and energize electrons. |
Created by:
astowe17
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