Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIOL1022 CH20
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Genetic Variation | Difference in alleles in genes within a population. |
| Evolution | How an entity changes over time |
| Allele Frequency | Fraction or Percentage occurrence of a specific allele within a population. |
| Population Genetics | The study of genetic variation within populations |
| SNP's (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) | Important tool used for understanding genetic material |
| Hardy Weinberg Principle | Predicts phenotype frequencies, solved with p + q for allele frequencies or p^2 + 2pq + q^2 for genotype frequencies |
| Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium | The Hardy Weinberg Principle is true as long as mating is random, there is no migration, no mutation or selection occurs, and the population remains large. |
| Mutation | Ultimate source of variation & makes evolution possible |
| Gene Flow | The movement of alleles from one population to another |
| Assortative Mating | A kind of non-random mating, causes individuals with similar phenotypes to me more likely to mate |
| Disassortative Mating | A kind of non-random mating, causes phenotypically different individuals to be more likely to mate |
| Founder Effect | Reduced genetic diversity caused by a small sample population colonizing a separated area, isolating itself from the main gene pool |
| Bottleneck Effect | Reduced genetic diversity caused by a significant reduction or collapse in the original parent population |
| Artificial Selection | Breeder selected desired traits |
| Natural Selection | Environmental conditions determine desired traits |
| Conditions for Evolution by Natural Selection | Variation must exist upon individuals within a population, it must result in offspring number differences within the next population, and the differences must be genetically based. |
| Fitness | Basically survival of the fittest , it is a relative concept |
| Sexual Selection | Some individuals are more successful at attracting mates than others. It is important because offspring always have a certain degree of energy cost for the parents. |
| Intrasexual Selection | Competitive interactions between members of the same sex. |
| Intersexual Selection | Active choice of mate. |
| Handicap Hypothesis | Only the fittest males who are able to maintain their fitness while under a handicap are successful in mating |
| Secondary Sexual Characteristics | Example like antlers, traits that are secondary to mating. |
| Sexual Dimorphism | Physical differences between sexes |
| Sperm Competition | Selection for traits that increase sperm success |
| Sensory Exploitation | Evolution in males of a signal that exploits preexisting biases (like frog croaking) |
| Negative Frequency Dependent Selection | Rare Phenotypes are favored in the gene pool |
| Positive Frequency Dependent Selection | Common Phenotypes are favored over rare ones in the gene pool |
| Oscillating Selection | Phenotype favoritism varies directly based on varying environmental conditions |
| Heterozygote Advantage | Heterozygotes are favored over Homozygotes (Ex Sickle Cell Heterozygotes favored in Africa) |
| Disruptive Selection | Selection tries to eliminate intermediates, towards the extremes |
| Directional Selection | Selection pushes towards one extreme |
| Stabilizing Selection | Selection pushes towards the intermediates, away from the extremes |
| Epistasis | Interactions between genes |
Created by:
beaniao
Popular Biology sets