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Unit 6: Cell Divisio
Biology study set for TVMSC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the reasons for cell division? | Growth, Repair, Regeneration, Replacement, and Reproduction(asexual) (GRRRR) |
| What are the similarities and differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell divison? | Prokaryotes use mitosis to reproduce and Eukaryotes use mitosis to repair and regenartion. |
| What is happening to the chromosones at Interphase? | They are duplicating and preparing to divide. |
| What is happening to the chromosones at G1 in terms of numbers, where they are, and what they look like? | They are in the form of chromatin and just starting to condense. |
| What is happening to the chromosones at S in terms of numbers, where they are, and what they look like? | Chromosones are duplicated in preparation for division. |
| What is happening to the chromosones at G2 in terms of numbers, where they are, and what they look like? | They are preparing for cell division. The cell will grow a little more. |
| What is the relationship between the cell cycle and cancer? | Cancer cells move go rouge and move through Interphase and Mitosis very quickly. Meaning that they make lots of cells wich eventually turn into tumors |
| What are the stages of mitosis and the organelles involved in each phase? | Phrophase: Nuclear Membrane, Replicated Chromone Metaphase: Spindle Fibers, Centriole Anaphase: spindle fiber, cetnriole, sister chromatids Telophase: nuclear membranes, sister chromatids |
| What is a gene? | A part of a chromosone that codes for a trait. |
| What is a DNA molecule? | What chromatin is made up of. |
| What is a chromosone? | An organized DNA molecule. |
| What is a chromatid? | Strannds of DNA molecules that have not yet been condensed. |
| What is a centromere? | The thing in the middle of the chromosone that holds the sister chromatids together. |
| What are sister chromatids? | The sides of the X on a chromosone. |
| What is happening to the chromosones during Mitosis? | They are being split apart by the spindle fibers and getting placed in each cell. |
| What is happening to the chromosones in prophase in terms of numbers, where they are, and what they look like? | The chromosones on in the nuclear membrane. |
| What is happening to the chromosones in metaphase in terms of numbers, where they are, and what they look like? | The chromosones line up in the middle and the spindle fibers latch on. The membrane disinigrates. |
| What is happening to the chromosones in anaphase in terms of numbers, where they are, and what they look like? | The Chromosones are pulled apart by the spindle fibers. |
| What is happening to the chromosones in telophase in terms of numbers, where they are, and what they look like? | The nuclear membrane reforms around the sister chromatids. |
| What is happening to the chromosones during Cytokinesis? | The cytoplasm splits, creating two cells. |
| What is the effect that mitosis has on chromosone number at each phase of mitosis? | |
| What cells are created during mitosis and how do they relate to their parent cell in structure and function? | Diploid cells. They are identical copies of the parent cell. |
| What is Nondisjunction? | 1 more chromosone or 1 less chromosone. |
| What is the cause of the genetic disorders presented in class? | Williams: Chromosone 7 Cri-du-chat: Deletion of chromososne 5 Down Syndrome: Trisomy 21 Patau Syndrome: Trisomy 13 Edwards Syndrome: Trisomy 18 |
| What is a karyotype? | A picture of all DNA lined up in pairs by size. |
| What are karyotypes used for? | To find problems with the DNA |
| How can you identify the human chromosomal numbers assoiated with normal meiosis as seen in a karyotype? | |
| What are the diferences and benefits of sexual and asexual reproduction? | Benifits of sexual reproduction include increases variation in population, increases survival of species. Cost includes Energy and Time. |
| What is the process of meiosis? | 1 diploid cell goes in and 4 unique haploid cells come out; the phases are early prophase 1, late prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, anaphase 2, metaphase 2, telophase 1 and 2 |
| Why does the cell undergoe the process of meiosis? | To make a new unique life form. |
| What are the events that occur in each phase of meiosis? Use the words Homologous chromosone, sister chromatid, and tetrad | |
| What is a homologous chromosone? | |
| What are autosomes? | Chromosones 1-22. |
| What are sex chromosones? | The chromosones that determine the sex of a person |
| What are tetrads? | When homologous chromosones bind during late phrophase 1 of meiosis. This is when crossing over occurs. |
| What is crossing over? | Croosing over is when homologous chromosones swap DNA. This helps to create diversity and variation. |
| How many chromosones are found at each stage of meiosis? In each stage do you have a haploid or diploid cell? | |
| What is a haploid cell? What is an example? | A haploid cell is a cell with only half the DNA. Cells created in Meiosis are haploid. |
| What is a diploid cell? What is an example? | A diploid cell is a cell with full DNA. Cells created in Mitosis are diploid. |
| What is the role of meiosis in creating variation within a population? | It creates 4 random, unique cells wich creates diversification. |
| What is Genetic Recombination? | Through sexual reproduction the DNA is shuffled and recombined in a new way with every organism. |
| What is Random Assortment? | Some father cells line up on one side and some on the other and the same with mother cells. It is all random. |
| What are mutations? | Not necessary, but does happen and increases variation that never existed before. |
| What is sexual reproduction and how does it contribute to an increased genetic variation?. | Sexual reproduction helps to increase genetic variation because DNA is shuffles and recombined in each organism. |
Created by:
Henry23
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