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Unit 12 LE Vocab

Meiosis, Sexual Reproduction & Human Development

TermDefinition
Diploid Cell a cell with two complete sets of chromosomes (one from each parent)
Haploid Cell a cell with only one set of chromosomes (half the normal amount)
Homologous Chromosomes chromosome pairs, one from each parent, that are similar in length, gene position, and centromere location
Chromatin uncoiled/uncondensed DNA
Sister Chromatids identical copies of DNA joined together at the centromere to make a duplicated chromosome
Centromere Where two sister chromatids attach
DNA Replication when DNA is copied before cell division
Karyotype an individual's collection of chromosomes; a lab technique that produces an image of an individual's chromosomes
Autosome body chromosomes (chromosomes 1-22)
Sex Chromosomes Chromosome 23- XX in biological females, XY in biological males
Meiosis a type of cell division that occurs in the gonads to make gametes that are haploid
Meiosis I the first meiotic division; results in two diploid cells
Meiosis II the second meiotic division; results in four haploid cells
Number of cells made in meiosis 4
Number of cells made in mitosis 2
Two major changes that occur as a result of meiosis The chromosomes are randomly shuffled because of crossing over, and the chromosome number is cut in half
Location of meiosis in males testes
Location of meiosis in females ovaries
Gonads glands where meiosis occurs
Sperm the product of meiosis in males
Egg the product of meiosis in females
Zygote the cell that is made when sperm and egg combine
Fertilization when the sperm and egg meet
Location of fertilization fallopian tube/oviduct
Gametes sperm and egg cells
Nondisjunction when chromosomes fail to seperate properly during meiosis, resulting in cells with extra or missing chromosomes
Sexual Reproduction reproduction that requires two parents and produces genetically different offspring
Advantages of sexual reproduction ensures genetic variation, which gives a species a greater chance of survival in a changing environment
Ovary location of meiosis in females; makes eggs
Fallopian Tube/Oviduct tube that an egg follows to go from ovary to uterus; site of fertilization
Uterus organ in the female reproductive system where a fetus develops
Placenta organ made in the uterus during pregnancy to provide oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus and remove wastes
Cervix opening to the uterus
Vagina the birth canal
Urethra where urine exits the body in both males and females
Testes location of meiosis in males; makes sperm
Scrotum houses the testes outside of the main body cavity, where it is 1-3 degrees cooler and ideal for sperm development
Epididymis where sperm mature
Vas Deferens pathway that sperm travel from testes to urethra
Seminal Vesicle, Cowper's Gland, Prostate Gland make non-sperm components of semen
Crossing Over when homologous chromosomes switch genes during meiosis I
Down Syndrome genetic disorder caused by nondisjunction; results from an extra chromosome 21 in each cell
Testosterone hormone that helps with sperm production and is responsible for secondary sex characteristics in males
Estrogen hormone that helps with egg production and is responsible for secondary sex characteristics in females
FSH & LH hormone made by the pituitary that affects the ovaries and testes
Menstrual Cycle the 28 day cycle that females undergo from puberty until menopause
Menstruation the phase of the menstrual cycle when the uterine lining is shed
Differentiation process cells go through during early development during which they get their specialized functions
Embryo 1-7 week old offspring
Fetus developing offspring from 8-40 weeks
Implantation when a fertilized egg embeds in the uterine lining
Created by: nldenissoff
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