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Unit 5 Biology
Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three parts of the monomer? | Phosphate groups, Ribose (sugar), and Nitrogenous base (adenine) |
| What parts of the monomer make up the backbone of the DNA molecule? | Phosphate groups and deoxyribose sugars |
| What type of bond holds the complementary bases together? Is it a strong or weak bond? | Hydrogen bond, its weak |
| Anti-parallel: | Running in opposite directions |
| Chargaff's Rule: | [C] = [G] and [A] = [T] for any length of DNA. |
| What is the purpose of replication? | Purpose: To produce two identical copies of a DNA molecule. |
| Helicase: | Removes the RNA Primers |
| Primase: | Adds RNA Primer |
| DNA Polymerase: | Builds an Okazaki Fragment in 5' to 3' direction. |
| DNA Ligase: | Joins the Okazaki Fragments together. |
| Which part of the cell cycle does DNA Replication take place? | Interphase, S Phase |
| Central Dogma: | DNA -------------RNA --------------Protein Transcription Translation |
| Transcription: | Synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template |
| Translation: | The process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at ribosomes in the cytoplasm (making protein from mRNA) |
| Where does Transcription take place? | Nucleus |
| Where does Translation take place? | Cytoplasm |
| What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis? | Carries amino acids from the cell to the ribosome. |
| What is the role of rRNA in protein synthesis? | Together with other proteins makes up the ribosome. |
| Silent: | Mutated codon codes for the same amino acid |
| Missense: | Mutated codon codes for a different amino acid |
| Nonsense: | Mutated codon is a premature stop codon |
| Insertion: | Extra nucleotide is added to the sequence |
| Deletion: | Deletion – |
| Primary (1) | amino acid sequence; this determines the next 3 levels |
| Secondary (2) | the amino acid chain coils and folds into spirals or sheets due to Hydrogen Bonds |
| Tertiary (3) | the (2) structure folds on itself |
| Quaternary (4) | one or more polypeptide chains are added; a.k.a. globular protein; hemoglobin is an example. |
| Active site: | place on the enzyme where the work occurs. It is substrate specific |
| Denature: | To lose shape |
| What would cause an enzyme to denature? | Extreme temperatures or changes in pH |
| Why must the lagging strand be built in segments? What are these segments called? | DNA is antiparallel and polymerase can only move in one direction. Segments are called Okazaki Fragments. |
| A = B + C ---------- --------------------- (________) ( _______________) | A = B + C ------------- --------------------- (Substrate) ( Products) |
Created by:
griffgra
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