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RHS Level 2

1. Scientific and Common Plant Names

TermDefinition
Carl Linnaeus 1707 - 1778 Swedish botanist - father of modern taxonomy 'Systema Naturae' 1735 Relied on observation to name plants
Nomenclature System of naming
Binomial System Genera and Species
Why do we need a plant naming system? Because common / local names differ greatly for one species - leads to confusion
Plant kingdom specifics Ability to photosynthesise, rooted in soil, immobile
Contemporary naming process Regulated by International Code for Nomenclature (ICN) Genomic classification
Plant taxonomy terms (taxon pl. taxa) Family Genus Species (-Subspecies) Cultivar Variety Hybrid
Family Share characteristics Similarity in flowers, reproductive structures, pests and diseases Suffix -aceae 4 majors: Rosaceae Brassicaceae Lamiaceae Asteraceae
Genus A group of related plants Phylogenetic relationships - morphological and genetic similarities Names derive from Greek , Latin, mythological figures or plant characteristics. Genera is plural form (get general from this)
Species Adjective or commemorative A 'specific epithet' (get 'specific' from this) Some genus may have thousands of species, others just one e.g. Quercus 450 Gingko 1 Can interbreed same species to create fertile offspring identical to parent plant
Subspecies Variations in species develop where they have evolved separately, geographically Same genetic make-up but with minor differences
Variety Variation in a species - unlike subspecies does not necessarily occur in a different geographical location Needs no human intervention to grow or reproduce Written as var. followed by variety name
Cultivar Controlled plant breeding Involves crossbreeding parent plants with desirable characteristics Need to ensure can be consistently propogated (not seed) Written in quotation marks and never italics Should not be Latinised or repeated in a genus
Hybrid Crossbreeding two different species - male pollen from stamen fertilises pistil of other plant, seed is then collected Creates range of desirable characteristics from both plants Good characteristics taken forward (F1 hybrids)
Open pollination Wind pollination - can't predict or control results - genetically very diverse, large range Natural creation of hybrids with strong vigour - heterosis Genetically stronger, more resistant to disease. Same visual as parent plant
Created by: hettyfd
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