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Taxonomic groups
8B & 8C Hierarchical classification and Taxonomic Groups
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dichotomous key. | Used to identify organisms. Includes characteristics that are given in pairs; both characteristics are reading and either go to another set of characteristics or to identify the organism. |
| Similar structure. | Same structure, different function, same common ancestor. |
| Closely related. | Shared derived characteristics, similar structures, homologies (Anatomical, embryological, and molecular), and common ancestors. |
| Cladogram. | Is a diagram that shows how organisms are related, based on shared and derived characteristics. |
| Common characteristics. | Similar characteristics. |
| Autotroph. | Producers. Organisms that produce their own food; for example, plants perform photosynthesis. |
| Heterotroph. | Consumers. Organisms that obtain their nutrients and energy from another sources; for example, animals or fungus. |
| Animalia. | Kingdom Animalia (Animals). Animals are composed of eukaryotic cells. They are also multicellular and heterotrophic (they ingest/eat for nutrition). |
| Plantae. | Kingdom Plantae (Plants). Plants are composed of eukaryotic cells. They are also multicellular and autotrophic (they make their own food). |
| Fungi. | Kingdom Fungi (Fungus). Fungi are composed of eukaryotic cells. They are mostly multicellular and heterotrophic (they absorb nutrients). |
| Protista. | Kingdom Protista (Protists). Protists are composed of eukaryotic cells. They can be unicellular or multicellular and they can be heterotrophic or autotrophic. |
| Bacteria. | Kingdom Eubacteria (Bacteria). Bacteria are composed of prokaryotic cells. They are unicellular, but they can be heterotrophic or autotrophic. |
| Archaea. | Kingdom Archaea (Archaebacteria). Archaea are composed of prokaryotic cells. They are unicellular, and they can either be heterotrophic or autotrophic. |
| Eukaryotic cells. | Cells with nucleus (DNA in the nucleus) and other membrane-bound organelles. |
| Prokaryotic cells. | Does NOT have a nucleus. DNA is in the cytoplasm. |
| Multicellular. | Many cells. |
| Unicellular. | Single cell. |