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chapter 7: F&E
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| water content is contained mainly within: | the ICF (intracellular fluid) |
| where is most of the ECF found | within the intravascular compartment or blood vesicles |
| what is the ISF | the filtrate of the blood |
| what is hydrostatic pressure | the pushing force exerted by water in the bloodstream -heart is the source of the the pumping action -into the ISF and ICF |
| osmotic pressure | the pressure exerted by the solutes in the solution (Na and plasma) -force that pulls water into the bloodstream from the ICF and ISF |
| a solution with a greater number of particles | has a higher osmotic pressure |
| onotic pressure | exerted specifically by albumin in the bloodstream -pulling force from ICF to ECF |
| albumin | attracts water to keep it inside the blood vessel -indicates the body's protein status -ECF exerts the most pressure (osm) |
| change in albumin alter oncotic pressure : hypoalbuminemia | oncotic pressure is reduced and hydrostatic pressure overwelms the oncotic pressure causing water in the bloodstream to push outward from capillary to isf and icf |
| osmolality | measure o the concentration of solutes per kg of solvents |
| osmolarity | the number of osmoles of solute per liter of solution -dependent on the number of particles within a solution |
| thirst | stimulated by changes in osmolarity -high osmolarity stimulates receptors in the hypothalamus to release ADH |
| where is the thirst center located | anterior hypothalmus |
| RAAS | renin-angiotensin-aldesterone system |
| what is raas activated by | low circulation throughout the body, which causes low renal perfusion |
| RAAS steps | -kidneys sense low circulation and release renin -renin cleaves angiotensinogen I from liver -lungs turn angio I to II from ACE -angiotension II bings to adrenal cortex stimulating aldesterone secretion |
| aldosterone | -increases sodium and water reabsorption in the blood stream -does this when blood volume is low |
| edema | -excess fluid in the ISF and ICF because of elevated hydrostatic pressure created by excess water in bloodstream and lowered solutes |
| fluid volume overload | -when the bloodstream has an excessive amount of water -most common causes is heart failure: RAAS cycling brings excessive water into bloodstream and overwhelms osmotic pressure |
| dehydration | -a state of diminished water volume in the body -intracellularly causing the cells to shrink -can lead to hypovolemia -when osmotic pressures exceed hydrostatic forces |
| Dehydration or hypervolemia | stimulation of thirst center in hypothalamus in brain stimulation of sympathetic nervous system: vasocontrict -stimulate kidneys to secrete renin: raas -stimulate posterior pituitary gland of brain: adh |
| main electrolyte in the ECF | sodium -primary determinant of the ECFs osmolarity and volume |
Created by:
Sabakent
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