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Biology Ch 12

TermDefinition
Double Helix(12.1) twisted-ladder shape of DNA, formed by two nucleotide strands twisted around each other.
Nucleosome(12.1) repeating subunit of chromatin fibers, consisting of DNA coiled around histones.
DNA Polymerase(12.2) enzyme that catalyzes synthesis of new DNA molecules.
Okazaki Fragment(12.2) short segment of DNA synthesized discontinuously in small segments in the 3' to 5' direction of DNA polymerase.
Semiconservative Replication(12.2) method of DNA replication in which parental strands separate, act as templates, and produce molecules of DNA with one parental DNA strand and one new parental DNA strand.
Codon(12.3) three-base code in DNA and RNA.
Exon(12.3) in RNA processing, the coding sequence that remains in the final RNA.
Intron(12.3) in RNA processing, the intervening coding sequence missing from the final mRNA.
Messenger RNA(12.3) type of RNA that carries that carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
Ribosomal RNA(12.3) type of RNA that associates with proteins to form ribosomes. (rRNA)
RNA(12.3) ribonucleic acid; guides protein synthesis.
RNA Polymerase(12.3) enzyme that regulates RNA synthesis.
Transcription(12.3) process in which mRNA is synthesized from the template DNA.
Transfer RNA(12.3) type of RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosome.
Translation(12.3) process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome and a protein is assembled.
Gene Regulation(12.4) ability of an organism to control which genes are transcribed in response to the environment.
Mutagen(12.4) substance, such as a chemical, that cause mutations.
Mutation(12.4) permanent change in a cell's DNA, ranging from changes in a single base pair to deletions of large sections of chromosomes.
Operon(12.4) section of DNA containing genes for proteins required for a specific metabolic pathway- consists of an operator, promoter, regulatory gene, and genes coding for proteins.
Created by: smeisman
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