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BIO Energy/Division

Bio Cell Energy & Cell Division (Mitosis & Meiosis)

QuestionAnswer
surface area as the volume of a cell increases with growth, this limits the size of the cell
cell division process of making new cells ; cell reproduction
chromosomes DNA that is condensed into rod-like structures during cell division
The Cell Cycle sequence of growth and division of a cell; includes G1, S, G2, and Mitosis
Interphase longest part of the cell cycle; the cell carries out normal activities but also grows and replicates it's contents in preparation for division
Mitosis part of the cell cycle with the division of a cell's nucleus; occurs in 4 phases
Prophase longest phase of MITOSIS; DNA condenses, spindle forms, nuclear membrane dissolves
sister chromatids two copies of a chromosome held together until split apart during mitosis
centromere location on sister chromatids where they are held together before splitting up in cell division
centrioles organelles in animal cells that form a spindle for dividing the chromosomes during mitosis
spindle structure made of microtubules that moves chromosomes during mitosis (in animal cells, produced by the centrioles)
Metaphase stage of mitosis when doubled chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell
Anaphase stage of mitosis when the sister chromatids separate at their centromeres and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell; cytokinesis begins
Telophase stage of mitosis when cytokinesis is completed, new nuclear membranes form, the spindle dissolves, and two identical cells are formed
cytokinesis division of the cytoplasm and organelles during cell division
cell plate what forms between dividing plant cells in order to create a new cell wall
genes segment of DNA that codes for a certain protein
cancer one result of uncontrolled cell division
Meiosis form of cell division that produces haploid gametes
diploid a cell having two copies of each chromosome (one from each parent)
haploid a cell having only one copy of each chromosome
gamete haploid cells called an egg or a sperm
homologous chromosomes a pair of chromosomes that has genes for the same traits (one copy from each parent, they match but are not identical)
zygote the diploid cell formed by the fusion of 2 haploid gametes
sexual reproduction when two parents produce gametes that fuse to form a diploid zygote not identical to either parent; associated with meiosis
tetrad the structure formed by the pairing of homo chromo; consists of 4 sister chromatids
crossing over the exchange of genes between homo chromo; produces genetic variation in the offspring
genetic recombination the reassortment of chromosomes by crossing over and independent segregation of homo chromo
asexual reproduction when one parent makes an offspring identical to itself; associated with mitosis
autotroph organisms that make their own food molecules
heterotroph organisms that must eat another organism to obtain energy
photosynthesis using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make glucose and oxygen
cellular respiration using oxygen and glucose to make ATP, carbon dioxide, and water
ATP high energy molecule that cells use to do work
mitochondria organelle of cellular respiration
chloroplast organelle of photosynthesis
aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose into ATP, requiring oxygen
anaerobic respiration breakdown of glucose into ATP, NOT requiring oxygen
organisms that do cellular respiration ALL ORGANISMS
organisms that do photosynthesis plants, algae , and some bacteria
The Sun source of all energy on Earth
46 diploid number in humans
23 haploid number in humans
2 how many cells are at the end of Mitosis
4 how many cells are at the end of Meiosis
chemical bonds where energy is stored in a molecule
Created by: Mrs. Meeks SHS
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