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MPS Biology Ch 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chromosome | cellular structure that contains DNA (10.1) |
| Gene | functional unit that controls inherited trait expression that is passed on from one generation to the next (10.1) |
| Homologous Chromosome | one of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent, that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location (10.1) |
| Gamete | a haploid sex cell, formed during meiosis, that can combine with another haploid sex cell and produce a diploid fertilized egg (10.1) |
| Haploid | cell with half the number of chromosomes (n) as a diploid (2n) cell (10.1) |
| Fertilization | process by which haploid gamete combine, forming a diploid cell with 2n chromosomes, with n chromosomes from the female parent and n chromosomes from the male parent (10.1) |
| Diploid | having two copies of each chromosome (2n) (10.1) |
| Meiosis | reduction division process, occurring only in reproductive cells, in which one diploid (2n) cell produces four haploid (n) cells that are not genetically identical (10.1) |
| Crossing over | exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis (10.1) |
| Genetics | science of heredity (10.2) |
| Allele | alternative form that a single gene may have for a particular trait (10.2) |
| Dominant | Mendel's name for a specific trait that appeared in the F1 generation (10.2) |
| Recessive | Mendel's name for a specific trait hidden or masked in the F1 generation (10.2) |
| Homozygous | organism with two of the same alleles for a specific trait (10.2) |
| Heterozygous | organism with two different alleles for a specific trait (10.2) |
| Genotype | an organism's allele pairs (10.2) |
| Phenotype ) | observable characteristics that is expressed as a result of an allele pair (10.2 |
| Law of Segregation ) | Mendelian law stating that two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis (10.2 |
| Hybrid | organism heterozygous for a specific trait (10.2) |
| Law of Independent Assortment | Mendelian law stating that a random distribution of allels occurs during the formation of gametes (10.2) |
| Genetic Recombination | new combination of genes produced by crossing over and independent assortment (10.3) |
| Polyploidy | having one or more extra sets of all chromosomes, which, in polyploid plants, can often result in greater size and better growth and survival (10.3) |
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smeisman
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