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Bio 111

Important Dates and Figures

TermDefinition
1660 Physicist Robert Hooke melted strands of spun glass to create lenses, first person to see the outline of cells
1673 Antony van Leeuwenhook improved lenses, discovered bacteria and protists
1830s Robert Brown discovered a cell's nucleus, leading to the discovery of cytoplasm and other cell membranes
1839 Scientists Mathias J Schleiden and Theodor Schwann formulated cell theory, proposed that cells were a fundamental unit of life and that all organisms were made up of one or more cells
1855 Physiologist Rudolf Virchow added third component to cell theory; all cells must come from pre-existing cells, further proven by Louis Pasteur in 1859
1953 Discovery of the double helix, the twisted ladder structure of DNA, discovered by Watson, Crick, and Franklin, who photographed (x-ray) the first sighting of DNA
1950s Microbiologists Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase concluded that DNA is genetic material, not protein. They infected bacteria with a bacteriophage, wanting to find out what controls the replication of a virus
1950 Biochemist Erwin Chargaff discovers the links between guanine/cytosine and adenine/thymine, later introduced as "Chargaff's Rules"
1940s Physicians Avery, MacLeod, and McCarthy learned that the identity of the "transforming principle" found genetic traits wired to cause infection
1928 Microbiologist Frederick Griffith contributed to DNA being identified as genetic material with his experiments involving two strains of bacteria
1900s Biologists had recognized the connection between inheritance and protein, English physician Garrod noting "inborn errors in metabolism" lacked a certain enzyme
1960 Frances Oldham Kelsey blocked FDA approval of thalidomide, saving American from a medical catastrophe
Created by: Sydboyer15
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