They maintain a relatively constant internal environment.

A pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down; each element is made up of and defined by a single type of atom.

Anything that takes up space and has mass.

The smallest unit of an element that still retains the property of the element.

A positively charges subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom.

A negatively charged subatomic particle with negligible mass in an atom.

An electrically uncharged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom.

The number of protons in the atom, which determines the atoms identity.

Determined by adding the number of protons and neutrons.

Atoms linked by covalent bonds.

A strong interaction resulting from the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms.

Describes a molecule with a carbon-based backbone and at least one C-H bond.

Describes a molecule that lacks a carbon-based backbone and C-H bonds.

An organic molecule made up of one or more sugars.

A macromolecule made up of repeating subunits called amino acids, which determine the shape and function of this definition. They play a critical role in living organisms.

Organic molecules that generally repel water.

Organic molecules made up of linked nucleotide subunits; DNA and RNA are examples.

Very large organic molecules that make up living organisms; they include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

One chemical subunit of a polymer.

A molecule made up of individual subunits, called monomers, linked together in a chain.

The building block, or monomer, of a carbohydrate.

The building block, or monomer, of a protein.

The building blocks of DNA. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a base. The sequence of nucleotides (As, Cs, Gs, Ts) along a DNA strand is unique to each person.

Complex Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides like glucose can be bonded together in straight or branching chains called complex carbohydrates.

Fatty acids contain long chains of carbon atoms bonded to one another and to hydrogen atoms.

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Biology Chapter 2

Biology 103: Chapter 2 Contents

Term	Definition
Homeostasis	They maintain a relatively constant internal environment.
Energy	The capacity to do work.
Elements	A pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down; each element is made up of and defined by a single type of atom.
Matter	Anything that takes up space and has mass.
Atom	The smallest unit of an element that still retains the property of the element.
Protons	A positively charges subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom.
Electrons	A negatively charged subatomic particle with negligible mass in an atom.
Neutrons	An electrically uncharged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom.
Nucleus	The dense core of an atom.
Atomic Number	The number of protons in the atom, which determines the atoms identity.
Atomic Mass	Determined by adding the number of protons and neutrons.
Molecule	Atoms linked by covalent bonds.
Covalent Bonds	A strong interaction resulting from the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms.
Organic Molecules	Describes a molecule with a carbon-based backbone and at least one C-H bond.
Inorganic Molecules	Describes a molecule that lacks a carbon-based backbone and C-H bonds.
Carbohydrates	An organic molecule made up of one or more sugars.
Proteins	A macromolecule made up of repeating subunits called amino acids, which determine the shape and function of this definition. They play a critical role in living organisms.
Lipids	Organic molecules that generally repel water.
Nucleic Acids	Organic molecules made up of linked nucleotide subunits; DNA and RNA are examples.
Macromolecules	Very large organic molecules that make up living organisms; they include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Monomers	One chemical subunit of a polymer.
Polymers	A molecule made up of individual subunits, called monomers, linked together in a chain.
Monosaccharides	The building block, or monomer, of a carbohydrate.
Amino Acids	The building block, or monomer, of a protein.
Nucleotides	The building blocks of DNA. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a base. The sequence of nucleotides (As, Cs, Gs, Ts) along a DNA strand is unique to each person.
Complex Carbohydrates	Monosaccharides like glucose can be bonded together in straight or branching chains called complex carbohydrates.
Fatty Acids	Fatty acids contain long chains of carbon atoms bonded to one another and to hydrogen atoms.

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