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Chapter 1

Biology 103: Chapter 1 Contents

TermDefinition
Dependent Variable The outcome that may "depend" on what is being tested.
Independent Variable The factor that is being changed in a deliberate way.
Controlled Experiment An experiment that includes both a control group and an experimental group.
Placebo A fake treatment given to control groups to mimic the experience of the experimental groups.
Experimental Group The group in an experiment that experiences the experimental intervention or manipulation.
Control Group The group in an experiment that experiences no experimental intervention or manipulation.
Experiment A scientific procedure designed to test a specific hypothesis.
Hypothesis A possible answer to the question under investigation. *Must be testable and falsifiable.
Peer Review A process in which experts in the same field as the investigator review an article before it is published.
Anecdotal Evidence An informal observation that has not been systematically tested. *Often Unreliable
Statistical Significance A measure of confidence that results obtained are "real" and not due to chance.
Sample Size The number of individuals participating in a study, or the number of times an experiment or set of observations is repeated.
Scientific Theory Important hypothesis supported by thousands of scientific experiments.
Epidemology The study of patterns of disease in populations, including risk factors.
Case-Control Study A type of epidemiological study to assess an association between an exposure and an outcome.
Dose-Response Relationship A relationship between the amount of a chemical or physical exposure, ex. radiation, and the risk of a specific outcome in an exposed organism.
Randomized Clinical Trial A controlled medical experiment in which subjects are randomly chosen to receive either an experimental treatment, or a standard treatment (placebo).
Correlation A consistent relationship between two variables. Does not equal causation.
Recall Bias A type of error resulting from inaccurate recollection or reporting of past events.
Science The method by which we study life.
Biology The scientific study of life. The study of life: describe it (what is here on planet earth), how did it arise (natural history), and how does it live?
Evidence Based conclusions can be drawn from results.
Everyday Theory An idea based on personal experience and knowledge.
Cell Theory All living things are made of cells.
Theory of General Relativitymb jhcdvfgerytbn6h vcg=nb-===============================================k-p0 Gravity influences time and space.
Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Populations of organisms change over time, adapting to their environment.
Materialism Assumes that effects in the natural world all have natural causes, rather than supernatural ones. The assumption of this term is required for science to work.
Cause and Effect Science assumes that the rules for this term hold for all-natural phenomena. Every event in nature has this term, which this term is related to itself and a scientist can learn about the first part of the term by observing the outcome of the second term.
Reproducibility Science assumes all events are consistent and repeatable. If the same causes are set up, the same effects will occur. Individuals can make mistakes in an experiment and scientists repeating these experiments can week out the mistakes.
Created by: Okinawahaylee
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