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GEOL Benoist Test 1
Geology 1303 Benoist - Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Oceanic crust is_____in composition | Mafic |
| Continental crust ranges in composition from ____ to _____ | felsic/intermediate |
| ______ is ultramafic in composition | the mantle |
| The San Andreas fault in western California is a transform lithospheric plate margin, which separates the Pacific and North American plates. | True |
| An igneous rock with a/an ___ texture has undergone a two-stage cooling history. | porphyritic |
| The outer Jovian planets of the solar system include Neptune and Saturn | true |
| the inner terrestrial planets of the solar system include Mercury and Pluto | false |
| Earth's magnetic field is produced by currents/eddies of liquid iron in earth's mantle | false |
| when earth first gravitationally accreted from the solar nebula, its atmosphere was dominated by the gases carbon dioxide and nitrogen | false |
| a phanertitic rock texture is characteristic of extrusive igneous rock | false |
| the redshift of light emitted by distant galaxies is critical evidence supporting the theory that the universe began in a big bang | true |
| physical and chemical weathering of rocks and minerals at earth's surface will produce sediments and ions in solution | true |
| relative to felsic lavas, mafic lavas exhibit _____ | low viscosity |
| intrusive igneous rock textures include aphanitic, glassy, vesicular and pyroclastic | false |
| ____ tetrahedra are able to polymerize to form chains, sheets and 3 dimensional structures | SiO4 |
| The nonferromagnesian silicate minerals include ____ and ____ | muscovite and plagioclase |
| The ferromagnesian silicate minerals include ____ and ____ | pyroxene and amphibole |
| the ___ mineral group contains the CO3 anion group | carbonate |
| the two most abundant elements in the earth's crust are silicon and oxygen | true |
| Cleavage refers to the tendency of a mineral to break along _______ | planar surfaces |
| In ionic chemical bonding, one or more electrons are shared between adjacent atoms | false |
| in covalent chemical bonding, one or more electrons are transferred between adjacent atoms | true |
| an atom that has two more protons than electrons would have an electrical charge of ____ | positive 2 |
| The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the number and arrangement of its ____ | electrons |
| for an atom of a given element the ___ are arranged around the nucleus in discrete energy levels | electrons |
| the atomic mass of an element refers to the number of _____ | neutrons plus protons |
| in an electrically neutral atom the number of protons is equal to the number of neutrons | false |
| compaction and cementation are processes leading to the formation of a ______ | sedimentary rock |
| divergent tectonic plate boundaries occur at ____ | mid-oceanic ridges |
| A subduction zone occurs where two lithospheric plates _____ | collide |
| new oceanic lithosphere is created at _____ whereas old oceanic lithosphere is recycled into the mantle at subduction zones | mid-ocean ridges |
| the transition from sedimentary to metamorphic to igneous rocks is part of the ____ | rock cycle |
| One of the energy sources that led to the melting of the primordial earth was _____ | gravitational compression |
| Earth's first atmosphere was stripped away by _____ | the solar wind |
| The big bang theory states that the solar system formed due to gravitational contraction acting on a rotating disk of dust and gas | false |
| the theory that pexplains the processes by which lithosphereic plates in earth's upper layer move relative to one another is called _____ | plate tectonics |
| the partly molten or plastic lawyer within the upper mantel is called the _____ | asthenosphere |
| the ____ of the solid earth is composed of the uppermost rigid mantle and the crust | lithosphere |
| the least dense laywer of planet earth is the ____ | atmosphere |
| during density differentiation of the earth liquid iron sank to the center of the earth to form the _____ | core |
| nuclear fusion in the sun is the process by which two ___ nuclei are fused together to form a helium nucleus | hydrogen |
| Minerals composed of a single element are called native elements | true |
| within the interrelated system of which the solid earth is a part all water is placed in the _______ | hydrosphere |
| the study of earth materials and processes is called _____ | geology |
| an aphanitic texture is characteristic of lavas | trietrue |
| one process by by which a felsic magma could be derived from a mafic magma is | partial melting |
| the sulfate mineral group is defined by the presence of the s-2 anion in the chemical formula | false |
| a ______ is a type of intrusive igneous rock body that has a surface area greater than 1000 km2 | batholith |
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Aikyrie
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